In regard to the meta-language capability of IKL, as well as the
utility of XML and XSLT:
I recently completed a dissertation where I needed
an XML-based syntax equivalent to IKL, extended with a more powerful
meta-language. I wanted to be able to axiomatically express
correspondences between structured data in XML, in particular Geography
Markup Language (GML), and Common Logic sentences.
Since one of the lanuages involved was XML-based, it was easier to make
the whole thing XML than to try to mix XML with JSON or the CLIF/IKL
syntax. While the format GeoJSON does exist, the support of GeoJSON web
services is far behind that of GML.
The meta-language capability in IKL did not allow quantification down
to the character level of propositions, so I extended the syntax with
some XSLT-like elements to accommodate this.
The syntax is derived from RuleML (http://ruleml.org), and the
semantics from Common Logic and IKL, plus some new semantics for the
meta-language.
I would be interested in feedback from the ontolog community - the
dissertation
is available here
http://ruleml.org/papers/AthanDissertation/AthanGISDissertation2011.pdf
Title: XCLX: An XML-based Common Logic eXtension with Embedded
Geography Markup Language
and the schemas are available here
http://common-logic.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/common-logic/xclx/
Tara Athan
Athan Services
http://alt2is.com
John F. Sowa wrote:
On 12/6/2011 8:18 PM, Zhuk, Yefim wrote:
I remember that in the initial message you said (I think that Guha
said it too) that CycL was too complicated.
The point was "too complicated for the average programmer or webmaster."
If you're processing natural languages, you have to get into a very
large number of issues -- linguistic, logical, philosophical, and
computational. That requires a lot of sophistication.
Several years ago I also tried to figure out what is the best way to
deal with NL. At that time I thought about CycL as the best choice.
(See http://javaschool.com/EA/5/KnowledgeTechnologies.pdf )
I still keep this idea because this is the only language, which naturally
creates rules while describing the subject. Is it right that this is the
only language, which has all necessary environment to speak and operate?
To support the full logical complexity of what can be expressed in NLs,
you do indeed require a very expressive version of logic. That means
it must be even more expressive than Common Logic.
A few years ago, there was a two-year project to define an expressive
logic that would be upward compatible with Common Logic and sufficiently
rich to express a wide variety of knowledge representation languages.
Among the participants in that project were representatives from Cyc.
It also included several other people who subscribe to Ontolog Forum,
including Pat Hayes, Chris Menzel, Michael Gruninger, and me.
The language that we specified was called IKL, and it included one
additional feature beyond Common Logic: the ability to use metalanguage
to make assertions about arbitrary propositions.
In the following slides, I present an intro to Common Logic, and at the
end (slides 29 to 36) I discuss IKL. I also include pointers to some
documents about IKL:
http://www.jfsowa.com/talks/clintro.pdf
I also put together the following sequence of 140 slides (divided into
7 sections) on the topic "The goal of language understanding":
http://www.jfsowa.com/talks/goal.pdf
John
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Owner, Athan Ecological Reconciliation Services
tara_athan at alt2is.com
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