To: | "[ontolog-forum] " <ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> |
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Cc: | "[ontolog-forum]" <ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, ontolog-forum-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx |
From: | jayanosy@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx |
Date: | Wed, 12 Dec 2007 16:01:23 -0600 |
Message-id: | <OFC4CA57BE.745FEE4C-ON862573AF.006F7DCB-862573AF.0078FA37@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> |
Back to reasoning about knowledge using logic and semantic interpretations, ala, for example using the OWL language. I have the question regarding the existential quantifier when applied as a restriction to a property between individuals in two different classes. (There must be at least one individual in the range class for the property associated with the domain class for each member of the domain class.) PROBLEM It would seem that in a situation where knowledge about individuals (in the ontology) is gathered over time, there is some complex balance between the number and type of property existential restrictions that must be satisfied for individual membership in a class to ensure both appropriate classification and inference across the model, and the need to capture knowledge while it is gathered. QUESTION My question is "Does the use of an existance quantifier in an OWL ontology restrict the entry of individuals for a class when there is insufficient knowledge of other individuals that satisfy the existential restrictions on properties for that class? or restated We have partial knowledge about an individual, a, and have problem with capturing it in an ontology with existential restrictions.. OPTIONS If an OWL ontology is used subsequently to develop a knowledge base of facts, and there are multiple Existential restrictions on properties between classes, in the case of partial knowledge about an individual in the domain of a property , I have the following options:
CONSEQUENCES OF EACH OPTION The PROS and CONs appear to be 1 PRO - the knowledge base is consistent and only has individuals that satisfy all criteria of the ontology model, all individuals in the knowledge base are correctly classified according to the model 1 CON - there is lost knowledge since the partial knowledge about an individual was not entered into the knowledge base 2. PRO - partial knowledge about an individual is captured in a knowledge base 2. CON - individuals are entered in the knowledge base that do not satisfy all model criteria, these individual may be incorrectly classified with partial knowledge, results of reasoning may be ambiguous? ANOTHER THOUGHT Is it possible to define an ontology where individuals can be entered in more general classes with fewer existential property restrictions, and as knowledge about other individuals is discovered and are entered, we may have the case where the original individuals entered in more general classes may now satisfy the more existential property restrictions for specialized classes. Is there a way for this membership in more specialized classes to be automatic inferred as data is entered instead of having to create an additional entry? If the answer is yes than I can see a pragmatic way to define an ontology that will automatically specialize the classification of individuals, from more general classes, as more knowledge is added to the knowledge base. Is this reasoning correct? Best Regards, John A. Yanosy Jr. Cell: 214-336-9875 PH: 972-705-1807 Email: JAYANOSY@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>On 12/10/07 8:35 AM, "Christopher Menzel" <cmenzel@xxxxxxxx> wrote: > >> Well, I obviously can't deny that you *experience* something, but >> until you can come up with some reasonably hard data rather than >> feelings and anecdotes, I don't think you've got any real >> justification for your belief that there's anything more than >> coincidence involved. > >Which leads us into .... > >Probability and statistics! > >I am surprised this group has never had a discussion on this topic or had >someone present on P&S (irony - there is a chance I might be wrong). For >some scientific axioms, tenets, etc. there seem to be a search for proof by >verifying that the one universal truth is not mere coincidence. For >example, if I state here are 10 random numbers and give you these: > >1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 > >You really don't know if they are truly random. Knowing how they are >generated helps ( for example - knowing how the Java.Math.Random class works >and the core algorithm is written and run on the metal) but other than that, >there is no verification that these are truly random. The chance they are >random is equal with every other possible 10 random numbers. > >So what does a scientist do? Observe until they are reasonably satisfied >there is a norm or baseline then look for statistical anomalies? Isn't this >somewhat flawed too since we can never really be 100% sure we have truly >tested everything? I got into an argument with a friend last weekend over >the existence of god. He stated that since there is no positive evidence >god exists, it proves there is no god. His inference takes a quantum leap >in logic obviously as what it really means is that god's existence cannot be >scientifically verified. God may exist or may not exist was my position. > >So how does this conflict with the topic of the thread. The experience that >you think of someone and they call you? Statistically, unless it had been >studied (I am sure it has indeed it has, extensively and rigorously. And no, repeat, NO, claims of telekinesis or telepathy have ever survived experimental test. That is, the claimed phenomena are either undetectable or are no more probable than chance. So, as you say, back to the topic of this thread. Chris did not say that there was any PROOF that some humans are not superhuman in some way. What he said, and he is absolutely correct, is that there is no REAL JUSTIFICATION for such a belief. One can believe anything, and protect that belief with a suitable irrational explanation. (The reason you can't see the little green men pushing the protons around is that they hide before you can shine a light on them. The reason there are fossils is that God put them there to test our faith. Etc.) The resulting system of beliefs is probably impossible to refute, but that does not make it any more rational to believe it, or provide any justification for not rejecting it as irrational. >), there is a small but real probability than some >human beings have capabilities beyond our perceptions. And the reason they have never shown up is that they are so rare that nobody has captured one yet to put them into a laboratory? Or do their capabilities mean that they can see the white coats coming and avoid them? > Just like my friend >stating "it proves god does not exist", the correct statement is probably >more along the lines of "telekinesis has not been scientifically resolved to >a point where it can be satisfactorily quantified" Er...no. The correct statement is that telekinesis has never been reliably observed: as far as anyone can tell, there is no such thing as telekinesis. >. It does not mean it >does not exist or is not real. It strongly suggests it is not real. On what basis would anyone insist it was real, if there is no evidence for it, and repeated attempts to find such evidence have failed? At what point will one conclude that this search seems to be a waste of further time? Pat > >Duane > > > > >-- >********************************************************************** >"Speaking only for myself" >Blog - http://technoracle.blogspot.com >Community Music - http://www.mix2r.com >My Band - http://www.myspace.com/22ndcentury >Adobe MAX 2008 - http://technoracle.blogspot.com/2007/08/adobe-max-2008.html >********************************************************************** > > >_________________________________________________________________ >Message Archives: http://ontolog.cim3.net/forum/ontolog-forum/ >Subscribe/Config: http://ontolog.cim3.net/mailman/listinfo/ontolog-forum/ >Unsubscribe: mailto:ontolog-forum-leave@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx >Shared Files: http://ontolog.cim3.net/file/ >Community Wiki: http://ontolog.cim3.net/wiki/ >To Post: mailto:ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx > -- --------------------------------------------------------------------- IHMC (850)434 8903 or (650)494 3973 home 40 South Alcaniz St. (850)202 4416 office Pensacola (850)202 4440 fax FL 32502 (850)291 0667 cell phayesAT-SIGNihmc.us http://www.ihmc.us/users/phayes _________________________________________________________________ Message Archives: http://ontolog.cim3.net/forum/ontolog-forum/ Subscribe/Config: http://ontolog.cim3.net/mailman/listinfo/ontolog-forum/ Unsubscribe: mailto:ontolog-forum-leave@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Shared Files: http://ontolog.cim3.net/file/ Community Wiki: http://ontolog.cim3.net/wiki/ To Post: mailto:ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx _________________________________________________________________ Message Archives: http://ontolog.cim3.net/forum/ontolog-forum/ Subscribe/Config: http://ontolog.cim3.net/mailman/listinfo/ontolog-forum/ Unsubscribe: mailto:ontolog-forum-leave@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Shared Files: http://ontolog.cim3.net/file/ Community Wiki: http://ontolog.cim3.net/wiki/ To Post: mailto:ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (01) |
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