> Being under heavy rain bombardment for several days, a rare process in
> our parts, the atmospheric condition demands more attention.
>
> Doug,
>
> What about methane rain, neon rain, sulfuric acid rain, iron rain,
> volcanic ash rain, or rain dust, full of chemicals, minerals and silt,
> we have here,
> in the Med Area, each early springtime from North Africa. (01)
Cyc has not modeled extra-terrestrial rain, but it would be done similarly.
Their terms for rain refer to water rain. (02)
They do have AcidRainProcess as a specialization of RainProcess, and
have modeled Chemistry at the level of an introductory college class
(actually: modelling the content of an AP chemistry text -- for those
familiar with the US high school system). (03)
The ontology has classes and relations for representing material disolved
or suspended in rainwater. (04)
> And how to formally represent the precipitation/downfall/rain properties:
> types and forms, material and composition, duration and intensity, speed
> and noise, quantity and quality, products and results, or causes and
> effects ... (05)
These are all basic concepts that have been well thought out and
ontologized at the generic level in Cyc. I only have a copy of OpenCyc
on my computer, so don't have access to any rules Cycorp may have
generated inter-relating such things . (06)
Durations are specified as (#$MinutesDuration N) [or another resolution];
downfall intensity can represented as (#$PerFn (#$Centi #$Meter)
#$HoursDuration); and wind speed in some #$UnitOfSpeed. (07)
For causality, #$causes-SitSit would relate the event of the storm (a
#$PhysicalEvent which is a type of #$Situation) with a #$Situation which
it has caused. To state that the storm caused some proposition to be
true, one would use (#$causes-ThingProp BlizzardOf2012 <proposition>). (08)
> It looks any seasonal falling to the planet of any form of material refers
> to precipitation, as downfall of any from of substance, rock, glass,
> water, etc. (09)
Cyc's #$PrecipitationProcess allows for such specializations of precipitation
to be defined and reasoned about. Even without creating new terms,
you could refer to #$PrecipitationParticles which are #$composedOf
(#$SolutionFn (#$LiquidFn #$Water) #$HydrogenChloride), or one in
which they are #$Suspensions with the #$suspendingFluid being one
substance and with #$suspendedParts being some other substance, such
as a (#$MobFn #$SandParticle)s. (010)
It appears that they don't have a term for #$VolcanicAsh (011)
> Azamat
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "doug foxvog" <doug@xxxxxxxxxx>
> To: <ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> Sent: Thursday, January 26, 2012 8:11 PM
> Subject: [ontolog-forum] Ontolgizing rain & snow [was: Track 1&2 Joint
> Mission and Session Abstracts]
>
>
> [ Also sent to ontology-summit discussion group. ]
>
> Matthew West wrote:
>
>> I understand your view. How shall you handle rain and snow?
>
> Rain & snow refer to physical precipitation particles, the precipitation
> in
> bulk, the process that produces the precipitation, storms as events, and
> storms as objects.
>
> Cyc's representation of these different, but related things (leaving out
> comments and some additional statements) includes:
>
> (isa PrecipitationParticle ExistingObjectType)
> (genls PrecipitationParticle Particle)
> (genls PrecipitationParticle InanimateObject-Natural)
>
> (isa RainProcess ProcessType)
> (genls RainProcess PrecipitationProcess)
>
> (isa SnowProcess ProcessType)
> (genls SnowProcess PrecipitationProcess)
>
> (isa Rainwater ExistingStuffType)
> (genls Rainwater (LiquidFn Water-Fresh))
>
> (isa SnowMob ExistingStuffType)
> (genls SnowMob (SolidFn Water))
>
> (isa Snowflake ExistingObjectType)
> (genls Snowflake PrecipitationParticle)
> (genls (MobFn Snowflake) SnowMob)
>
> (isa Raindrop ExistingObjectType)
> (genls Raindrop PrecipitationParticle)
> (genls Raindrop Rainwater)
>
> (relationAllExists outputsGenerated PrecipitationProcess
> (MobFn PrecipitationParticle))
> (relationAllExists outputsGenerated RainProcess (MobFn Raindrop))
> (relationAllExists outputsGenerated SnowProcess (MobFn Snowflake))
>
> (isa StormAsObject ExistingObjectType)
> (genls StormAsObject InanimateObject-Natural)
> (relationAllExists physicalParts StormAsObject CloudInSky)
>
> (isa RainStormAsObject ExistingObjectType)
> (genls RainStormAsObject StormAsObject)
> (relationAllExists physicalParts StormAsObject CloudInSky)
> (relationAllExists physicalParts StormAsObject (MobFn Raindrop))
>
> (isa SnowStormAsObject ExistingObjectType)
> (genls SnowStormAsObject StormAsObject)
> (relationAllExists physicalParts StormAsObject CloudInSky)
> (relationAllExists physicalParts SnowStormAsObject (MobFn Snowflake))
>
> (not (relationExistsAll doneBy PrecipitationProcess StormAsObject))
> (comment
> (not (relationExistsAll doneBy PrecipitationProcess StormAsObject))
> "A StormAsObject would include Duststorms, which don't (necessarily)
> include precipitation.")
>
> (relationExistsAll doneBy RainProcess RainStormAsObject)
> (relationExistsAll doneBy SnowProcess SnowStormAsObject)
>
> (isa StormAsEvent ExistingObjectType)
> (genls StormAsEvent ImmediateWeatherProcess)
>
> (isa RainStormAsEvent ExistingObjectType)
> (genls RainStormAsEvent StormAsEvent)
> (relationAllExists subprocesses RainStormAsEvent RainProcess)
> (relationAllExists doneBy RainStormAsEvent RainStormAsObject)
>
> (isa SnowStormAsEvent ExistingObjectType)
> (genls SnowStormAsEvent StormAsEvent)
> (relationAllExists subprocesses SnowStormAsEvent SnowProcess)
> (relationAllExists doneBy SnowStormAsEvent SnowStormAsObject)
>
> (isa SnowStormAsObject ExistingObjectType)
> (genls SnowStormAsObject StormAsObject)
> (relationAllExists physicalParts SnowStormAsObject (MobFn Snowflake))
>
>
>> Jack
>> On Jan 26, 2012, at 6:09 AM, Matthew West wrote:
>>
>>> The main problem here is one of different people using terms
>>> differently. Hardly an ontological problem per se, but certainly a
>>> problem that causes confusion in developing ontologies.
>
> This is always a problem for ontologists. The different meanings have
> to be teased apart.
>
>>> Interestingly as a 4 dimensionalist I don't recognise endurants at all,
>>> but I do recognise activities, physical objects, and participants.
>>> Under
>>> this world view all individuals (including activities, physical objects
>>> and participants) are spatiotemporal extents, and you discover that an
>>> activity consists of its participants, where a participant is the state
>>> of a physical object that participates in some activity. So I recognise
>>> the things you talk about. However, I would assign the term "system" to
>>> the physical object the participant is a state of.
>
> I would not restrict the term "system" merely to physical objects. But
> having multiple clearly defined concepts which different people use that
> word
> for in different contexts, is fine. They just need different URIs.
>
> -- doug
>
>>> Regards
>>>
>>> Matthew West
>>> Information Junction
>>> Tel: +44 1489 880185
>>> Mobile: +44 750 3385279
>>> Skype: dr.matthew.west
>>> matthew.west@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>>> http://www.informationjunction.co.uk/
>>> http://www.matthew-west.org.uk/
>>>
>>> This email originates from Information Junction Ltd. Registered in
>>> England and Wales No. 6632177.
>>> Registered office: 2 Brookside, Meadow Way, Letchworth Garden City,
>>> Hertfordshire, SG6 3JE.
>>> ...
>
>
>
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