Hi John, (01)
The International Alliance for Interoperability has changed its name to
building SMART international http://www.buildingsmart.com/. Another relevant
ISO standard to add to your list is 16739 Industry Foundation Classes (IFC).
Here is part of a diagram for referencing classes in IFC
http://ontolog.cim3.net/file/work/BSP/FPML/IFC2xObjectDiagram%23141B04B.jpg.
Please also see the Model View Definitions at
http://www.blis-project.org/IAI-MVD/ for IFC data exchange, ideally supported
by the IFD. (02)
There are a number of chasms and gaps in the connections from the IFCs, to the
IFD, to EPISTLE and related standards. Today, even though the files are huge
and hard to push around or share real time, most building models are "at the
gross level, there is very little difference between an ontology and a
terminology". Nevertheless, accurate models at this level can be useful to
public services such as fire departments to exchange basic information about
building configurations and types because simple accuracy is all that is
needed. There is still much work to do on consistency and flexible terminology
for the simple level to work. As more data can be reported out from buildings
to monitor performance such as energy efficiency on regional levels, it will be
more and more important to reach consensus on a solid working ontology for the
"detailed levels where all the complex reasoning and computations are carried
out." Right now there is not one continuous chain of communication to do this. (03)
Building Information Models (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are
converging at a rapid pace, the need for simple exchanges can get lost in the
quest for the complex levels to work together. What I have been wishing for is
someone really good in complex reasoning standards to take this 50,000 foot up
hierarchy developed by the Open Geospatial Consortium and National Building
Information Modeling Standard
http://ontolog.cim3.net/file/work/BSP/ConferenceCall_2008-11-28/NBIMHierarchicalRelationship.jpg
and write it out in OWL or other preferred ontology language. I would like to
develop a few scenarios and try working with this all the way through from top
to bottom, from a component, node or room to the place of this thing in the
whole world. (04)
Sincerely, (05)
Deborah MacPherson
Specifications and Research, Cannon Design
Projects Director, Accuracy&Aesthetics (06)
-----Original Message-----
From: ontolog-forum-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
[mailto:ontolog-forum-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of John F. Sowa
Sent: Thursday, March 12, 2009 10:46 AM
To: [ontolog-forum]
Subject: [ontolog-forum] International Alliance for Interoperability (07)
The subject line above states the name of an organization that is devoted to
interoperability. That particular organization has its roots in the building
industry, but every branch of science, engineering, and business has similar
organizations. (08)
As an example of what they do, see their description of IFD: (09)
International Framework for Dictionaries (ISO 12006-3) is a
library with terminology and ontologies assisting in identifying
the type of information being exchanged. It is developed with
the purpose of adding value to the IFCs and is language and
culture independent. (010)
The International Framework for Dictionaries (IFD) (ISO 12006-3)
standard is developed by ISO TC 59/SC 13/WG 6. Many of the members
of the work group are also members of International Construction
Information Society (ICIS ). The IFD standard has many similarities
with the EPISTLE standard for the Oil and Gas industry. (011)
While the IFC standard describes objects, how they are connected,
and how the information should be exanged and stored, the IFD
standard uniquely describe what the objects are, and what
properties, units and values they can have. IFD provides the
dictionary, the definitions of concepts, the relationships between
them and the common understanding necessary for the communication
to flow smoothly. (012)
Source: (013)
http://www.iai-tech.org/products/related-specifications/ifd_specification (014)
That web page has a link to "IFD in a Nutshell", which gives examples: (015)
http://dev.ifd-library.org/index.php/Ifd:IFD_in_a_Nutshell (016)
The following diagram describes 'door': (017)
http://dev.ifd-library.org/images/thumb/8/8d/Ontology.png/450px-Ontology.png (018)
That diagram uses relations with the following names: 'is a type of', 'is a
part of', 'consists of', 'can be', and 'relates to'. (019)
Those five relations by themselves (including the catchall 'relates to')
provide a gross level classification, but they aren't sufficient for detailed
reasoning. However, they are very important for searching, classifying, and
natural language analysis and disambiguation. (020)
That level of detail is certainly insufficient for designing doors that can be
interchanged among different buildings. Those details, however, have always
been stated in very low-level specifications, such as traditional blueprints or
CAD/CAM programs. (021)
Those two levels of specification are typical of every field: (022)
1. A gross-level classification with very few relation types and
few if any axioms. (023)
2. A precise, extremely detailed specification that can support
extended reasoning, computation, construction, and assembly. (024)
At the gross level, there is very little difference between an ontology and a
terminology. The detailed levels are where all the complex reasoning and
computations are carried out. (025)
If our ontology proposals are to be useful in practice, it is essential for us
to recognize those two levels and incorporate them in any proposed standards or
guidelines. (026)
John Sowa (027)
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