I agree with Anatoly's characterization of "System of systems" is a term
that describe specific situation when we need create system from already
established systems (not modules!) while each of this established systems
has autonomy (owner, systems in operational environment, enabling systems
etc.) and thus have difficulties to change to fit upper level "system of
system. However, when the owners of the systems agree on a common objective
they can sometimes achieve a common objective while continuing with
individual systems pursuits. It is definitely possible to build theories
which can be used to analyze when a system of systems is likely to work and
when it is almost certainly likely to fail. (01)
For example most large scale aerospace programs include many individual
enterprises which also compete, e.g., Lockheed Martin and Boeing on the same
team. By looking at how the system of enterprises is organized one can make
good predictions of its success and potential problems. This is not my
primary intellectual interest but I have observed and participated in these
systems of systems.
- Henson (02)
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