Relational databases are nearly always under the closed world assumption. There
may be exceptions, but they are few. Similarly, logic programming in general is
under closed world assumption, though there are variants (well-formed
semantics) and answer set programming (which can have negation operators under
both CWA and OWA). (01)
Thanks,
Leo (02)
>-----Original Message-----
>From: ontolog-forum-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:ontolog-forum-
>bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of John F Sowa
>Sent: Saturday, January 19, 2013 3:45 PM
>To: [ontolog-forum]
>Subject: Re: [ontolog-forum] Knowledge graphs by Google and Facebook
...
>
>SQL and SPARQL can be used for either open world or closed world
>databases. It is true that nearly all the stuff on the WWW is open
>world, but many, if not most relational DBs are also open world.
> (03)
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