Please read "max 4" not "min 4" ... (01)
sent by aldo from a mobile (02)
> On 13/mag/2014, at 17:43, Aldo Gangemi <gangemi@xxxxxxx> wrote:
>
> Nice game. In OWL (serialised in Turtle):
>
> :Mary a [:hasChild min 4] ;
> :hasChild :Sue , :Bill , _:x .
> :Sue a :Girl .
> :Bill :hasTwin _:x .
>
> More readable than CG in my view ... The problem is not DL OWL or others, but
>being iconic enough to support intuition. Usually NL works fine but in this
>case OWL/Turtle is more intuitive ;).
> Cheers
> Aldo
>
> sent by aldo from a mobile
>
>>> On 13/mag/2014, at 07:47, John F Sowa <sowa@xxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
>>>
>>> On 5/12/2014 9:13 PM, Simon Spero wrote:
>>> In Cyc you can say:
>>>
>>> (implies (isa ?S Squid)
>>> (thereExistExactly 10 ?T
>>> (and (isa ?T Tentacle) (anatomicalParts ?S ?T))))
>>>
>>> In OWL you can write:
>>> SubClassOf(:Squid
>>> ObjectExactCardinality(10
>>> :anatomicalParts :Tentacle))
>>>
>>> Could you show what this looks like in graphical form?
>>
>> A very simple logic such as EGs would need to supplemented with
>> an ontology for sets, elements, cardinality, etc. But I have always
>> tried to design the notation to simplify the mapping to and from NLs.
>>
>> In my 1984 book, I specified conceptual graphs as an extension of EGs
>> with syntactic sugar for such things. That syntax is *not* in the CL
>> standard, because CL does not include all that ontology.
>>
>> Let's assume that we would like to express the above Cyc or OWL
>> in English as "There is a squid that has exactly 10 tentacles."
>> In the CG notation of the 1980s, that would be represented as
>>
>> [Squid]->(HasPart)->[Tentacle: {*}@10].
>>
>> In English, this can be read "There is a squid that has as parts
>> exactly 10 tentacles." The notation {*}@10 is defined by an expansion
>> to a node of type Set, every element of which is of type Tentacle.
>> The node [Squid] is linked by HasPart to each node of type Tentacle.
>> But you would not normally do that expansion, except as a step
>> during some reasoning process.
>>
>> One person who did some work on the definitions and expansions
>> of the set notation for CGs is Jim Slagle, who was a professor
>> at the University of Minnesota.
>>
>> Jim is blind, but he really liked CGs. The university bought
>> one of the first Kurzweil reading machines for him, but he also
>> needed human readers who would explain the diagrams (and record
>> the explanations). Although he was blind (or perhaps because he
>> was blind), he had a good ability to "visualize" structures.
>>
>> As another example, assume "Mary has less than 5 children, including
>> a girl named Sue, and a pair of twins, one of whom is named Bill."
>> In CGs, that would be
>>
>> [Person: Mary]->(HasChild)->[Person: {Sue, Bill, *x, *}@<5]
>> [Girl: Sue] [Person: Bill]->(HasTwin)->[Person: ?x]
>>
>> In the pure graphic notation, coreference links could be drawn
>> as dotted lines. Or they could be left as labels like *x,
>> if the diagram is complex and crowded.
>>
>> How would you express that in OWL?
>>
>> John
>>
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