Hi Leo, (01)
> And note that there is not a 1-1 relationship between terms and
> concepts, but a many-many, depending on the language and of course the
> ontology. (02)
Depends on what you think of as the term. If you have an
utterance/inscription view, it is one-many. (03)
Chris (04)
> -----Original Message-----
> From: ontolog-forum-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:ontolog-forum-
> bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Obrst, Leo J.
> Sent: 30 March 2011 20:17
> To: [ontolog-forum]
> Subject: Re: [ontolog-forum] Fact Guru, Controlled NLs, and OOR
>
> The way to distinguish terminology and ontology is that you use terms
(natural
> language words, phrases) to refer to "concepts" (ideas, referents,
categories,
> etc.) So the former is semantics, i.e., ways of referring (quite often
just lexical
> semantics, but you can imagine a phrase "gasoline tank" or "steel
crankshaft,
> corroded and discarded"), the latter is ontology, i.e., what is referred
to,
> typically real world objects or categories.
>
> You may also use a term as a label for a concept, which is fine if you
understand
> the distinction, but the concept could be labeled KDKJKDLK123 in the
ontology
> and that really is just as valid, if perverse (though you cannot interpret
it
> semantically as an English speaker unless you see the term in the
terminology
> that refers to it). And note that there is not a 1-1 relationship between
terms and
> concepts, but a many-many, depending on the language and of course the
> ontology.
>
> Thanks,
> Leo
> _____________________________________________
> Dr. Leo Obrst The MITRE Corporation, Information Semantics
> lobrst@xxxxxxxxx Information Discovery & Understanding, Command &
> Control Center
> Voice: 703-983-6770 7515 Colshire Drive, M/S H305
> Fax: 703-983-1379 McLean, VA 22102-7508, USA
>
>
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: ontolog-forum-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:ontolog-forum-
> bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Mike Bennett
> Sent: Wednesday, March 30, 2011 1:07 PM
> To: [ontolog-forum]
> Subject: Re: [ontolog-forum] Fact Guru, Controlled NLs, and OOR
>
> We made a point of not including words / lexical terms as ontology
objects, i.e.
> no use of OWL Equivalent Class.
>
> As Mike Atkin puts it, people will argue forever about the meaning of a
word,
> but will soon reach consensus on the concepts themselves. To include those
in
> the ontology actually makes the ontology harder to explain to business
> stakeholders.
>
> Also does that mean you have two separate theories of meaning within the
> same model? How do you distinguish those e.g. is there is some obvious
visual
> distinction between the sets of terms that come under the two theories?
>
> Mike
>
> On 30/03/2011 17:49, Matthew West wrote:
> > Dear Mike,
> >
> > One of the things we did in ISO 15926 was to distinguish logical
> > terms/concepts/meanings from their representation by words/lexical
> > terms/phrases, but treating the lexical terms as first class objects
> > in the ontology itself, rather than things outside it.
> >
> > Regards
> >
> > Matthew West
> > Information Junction
> > Tel: +44 1489 880185
> > Mobile: +44 750 3385279
> > Skype: dr.matthew.west
> > matthew.west@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
> > http://www.informationjunction.co.uk/
> > http://www.matthew-west.org.uk/
> >
> > This email originates from Information Junction Ltd. Registered in
> > England and Wales No. 6632177.
> > Registered office: 2 Brookside, Meadow Way, Letchworth Garden City,
> > Hertfordshire, SG6 3JE.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >> -----Original Message-----
> >> From: ontolog-forum-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:ontolog-forum-
> >> bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Mike Bennett
> >> Sent: 30 March 2011 16:50
> >> To: [ontolog-forum]
> >> Subject: Re: [ontolog-forum] Fact Guru, Controlled NLs, and OOR
> >>
> >> That does sound interesting. I had a sort of "Aha" moment last week
> >> when we were talking about synonyms and heteronyms at an OMG / EDM
> >> Council event. It struck me that an ontology has formal definitions
> >> of concepts with synonyms, whereas a terminology is a set of words,
> >> with one or more meanings per word, and therefore has heteronyms.
> >> That's why for instance we have no concept of heteronym in our
> >> ontology. Nor (for similar reasons) do we have homonyms.
> >>
> >> No doubt for most people that's this week's glimpse into the obvious,
> >> but it made things come clear for me - ontologies and terminologies
> >> are complementary but different, so any tool that formally relates
> >> one to the other has to be good.
> >>
> >> Mike
> >>
> >> On 30/03/2011 15:05, John F. Sowa wrote:
> >>> We have discussed the relationships between ontologies and
> >> terminologies
> >>> in many email threads. Some people blur the distinction by saying
> >> that
> >>> their terminologies are ontologies, and others make a sharp
> >> distinction
> >>> between them. But one point is clear: the people who use
> >> applications
> >>> only see terminologies, and the developers need to relate ontologies
> >>> to terminologies.
> >>>
> >>> A few weeks ago, I sent a note that mentioned Fact Guru by Doug
> >>> Skuce as tool that could help bridge the gap between terminologies
> >>> and ontologies. In particular, FG could simplify the task of
> >>> mapping the terms of an terminology to the more formal ontology.
> >>> After the development of the ontology, FG could be used to display
> >>> either or both, side by side. For the Open Ontology Repository, FG
> >>> could be useful, but only if the software were available as open
source.
> >>>
> >>> Therefore, I had a discussion with Doug about the possibility of
> >>> releasing the Fact Guru software as open source under the LGPL.
> >>> Doug agreed, and he is also planning to attend the Ontology Summit
> >>> on April 18. He would be happy to discuss the use of FG with anyone
> >>> who may be interested. On the cc list above, I added the email for
> >>> Doug Skuce and for John Talbot, who did most of the implementation.
> >>>
> >>> In the links below, note the wide range of sophistication of the
> >>> possible applications. The Animals example was implemented by
> >>> Doug's 9-year-old daughter as a school project. The SUMO example
> >>> was downloaded from the actual SUMO ontology. For each term in
> >>> SUMO, FG shows both the English-like text and the axioms written in
> >>> KIF.
> >>>
> >>> John Sowa
> >>>
> >>> -------- Original Message --------
> >>> Subject: Fact Guru
> >>> Date: Fri, 28 Jan 2011 21:31:05 -0500
> >>> From: John F. Sowa<sowa@xxxxxxxxxxx>
> >>> To: [ontolog-forum]<ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> >>> CC: Doug Skuce<drskuce@xxxxxxxxx>
> >>>
> >>> I was talking with an old friend, Doug Skuce, who taught AI and
> >>> knowledge engineering at the University of Ottawa for many years.
> >>> He and his students and colleagues have developed some software that
> >>> could be valuable for designing and supporting ontologies.
> >>>
> >>> In the late 80s he developed a knowledge acquisition tool called
> >>> CODE (Conceptually Oriented Development Environment) in Smalltalk.
> >>> Since CODE did not run on the web, he designed a new version called
> >>> Fact Guru in the late 90s. FG can be used to organize a knowledge
> >>> base of any kind and present it in a highly readable way;
> >>>
> >>> http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~tcl/factguru1/FactGuru.pdf
> >>>
> >>> Following is a blurb from the web site:
> >>>
> >>> With Fact Guru you can improve understanding by:
> >>>
> >>> * storing facts grouped by subject in a highly structured
> >>> knowledge base.
> >>>
> >>> * searching the knowledge base to find just the fact you
> >>> need
> >>>
> >>> * comparing subjects to see a comparison matrix of
> >>> differences
> >>>
> >>> * viewing subjects as a graph to see relationships between
> >> them
> >>> For a beginner's example that uses only English, see the knowledge
> >>> base of Canadian Animals, which was implemented by Doug's nine year
> >>> old daughter. Click on any animal name to find a collection of
> >>> information about it:
> >>>
> >>> http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~tcl/factguru1/animals/index.html
> >>>
> >>> More important for ontology is the use of Fact Guru to import,
> >>> organize, and display the top-level ontology of SUMO:
> >>>
> >>> http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~tcl/factguru1/sumo/index.html
> >>>
> >>> For an example of a knowledge base about a technical subject, see
> >>> the Fact Guru KB about the Java programming language, which Doug
> >>> used for teaching a course on Java:
> >>>
> >>> http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~tcl/factguru1/java/index.html
> >>>
> >>> This KB is important for two reasons: (1) it is cross linked to an
> >>> associated HTML document about Java; and (2) it is written in a
> >>> version of controlled English called ClearTalk.
> >>>
> >>> Doug is currently working with some programmers who are
> >>> reimplementing Fact Guru with the Drupal content management software
> >>> in order to organize and relate multiple knowledge bases. This
> >>> could be useful for the Open Ontology Repository.
> >>>
> >>> I thought that participants in Ontolog Forum might express their
> >>> wish list about features that would be useful for supporting
> >>> ontologies and their applications.
> >>>
> >>> John Sowa
> >>>
> >>>
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> >>>
> >>
> >> --
> >> Mike Bennett
> >> Director
> >> Hypercube Ltd.
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> --
> Mike Bennett
> Director
> Hypercube Ltd.
> 89 Worship Street
> London EC2A 2BF
> Tel: +44 (0) 20 7917 9522
> Mob: +44 (0) 7721 420 730
> www.hypercube.co.uk
> Registered in England and Wales No. 2461068
>
>
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