The way to distinguish terminology and ontology is that you use terms (natural
language words, phrases) to refer to "concepts" (ideas, referents, categories,
etc.) So the former is semantics, i.e., ways of referring (quite often just
lexical semantics, but you can imagine a phrase "gasoline tank" or "steel
crankshaft, corroded and discarded"), the latter is ontology, i.e., what is
referred to, typically real world objects or categories. (01)
You may also use a term as a label for a concept, which is fine if you
understand the distinction, but the concept could be labeled KDKJKDLK123 in the
ontology and that really is just as valid, if perverse (though you cannot
interpret it semantically as an English speaker unless you see the term in the
terminology that refers to it). And note that there is not a 1-1 relationship
between terms and concepts, but a many-many, depending on the language and of
course the ontology. (02)
Thanks,
Leo
_____________________________________________
Dr. Leo Obrst The MITRE Corporation, Information Semantics
lobrst@xxxxxxxxx Information Discovery & Understanding, Command & Control
Center
Voice: 703-983-6770 7515 Colshire Drive, M/S H305
Fax: 703-983-1379 McLean, VA 22102-7508, USA (03)
(04)
-----Original Message-----
From: ontolog-forum-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
[mailto:ontolog-forum-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Mike Bennett
Sent: Wednesday, March 30, 2011 1:07 PM
To: [ontolog-forum]
Subject: Re: [ontolog-forum] Fact Guru, Controlled NLs, and OOR (05)
We made a point of not including words / lexical terms as
ontology objects, i.e. no use of OWL Equivalent Class. (06)
As Mike Atkin puts it, people will argue forever about the
meaning of a word, but will soon reach consensus on the concepts
themselves. To include those in the ontology actually makes the
ontology harder to explain to business stakeholders. (07)
Also does that mean you have two separate theories of meaning
within the same model? How do you distinguish those e.g. is there
is some obvious visual distinction between the sets of terms that
come under the two theories? (08)
Mike (09)
On 30/03/2011 17:49, Matthew West wrote:
> Dear Mike,
>
> One of the things we did in ISO 15926 was to distinguish logical
> terms/concepts/meanings from their representation by words/lexical
> terms/phrases, but treating the lexical terms as first class objects in the
> ontology itself, rather than things outside it.
>
> Regards
>
> Matthew West
> Information Junction
> Tel: +44 1489 880185
> Mobile: +44 750 3385279
> Skype: dr.matthew.west
> matthew.west@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
> http://www.informationjunction.co.uk/
> http://www.matthew-west.org.uk/
>
> This email originates from Information Junction Ltd. Registered in England
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>
>
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: ontolog-forum-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:ontolog-forum-
>> bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Mike Bennett
>> Sent: 30 March 2011 16:50
>> To: [ontolog-forum]
>> Subject: Re: [ontolog-forum] Fact Guru, Controlled NLs, and OOR
>>
>> That does sound interesting. I had a sort of "Aha" moment last
>> week when we were talking about synonyms and heteronyms at an OMG
>> / EDM Council event. It struck me that an ontology has formal
>> definitions of concepts with synonyms, whereas a terminology is a
>> set of words, with one or more meanings per word, and therefore
>> has heteronyms. That's why for instance we have no concept of
>> heteronym in our ontology. Nor (for similar reasons) do we have
>> homonyms.
>>
>> No doubt for most people that's this week's glimpse into the
>> obvious, but it made things come clear for me - ontologies and
>> terminologies are complementary but different, so any tool that
>> formally relates one to the other has to be good.
>>
>> Mike
>>
>> On 30/03/2011 15:05, John F. Sowa wrote:
>>> We have discussed the relationships between ontologies and
>> terminologies
>>> in many email threads. Some people blur the distinction by saying
>> that
>>> their terminologies are ontologies, and others make a sharp
>> distinction
>>> between them. But one point is clear: the people who use
>> applications
>>> only see terminologies, and the developers need to relate ontologies
>>> to terminologies.
>>>
>>> A few weeks ago, I sent a note that mentioned Fact Guru by Doug Skuce
>>> as tool that could help bridge the gap between terminologies and
>>> ontologies. In particular, FG could simplify the task of mapping
>>> the terms of an terminology to the more formal ontology. After the
>>> development of the ontology, FG could be used to display either or
>>> both, side by side. For the Open Ontology Repository, FG could be
>>> useful, but only if the software were available as open source.
>>>
>>> Therefore, I had a discussion with Doug about the possibility of
>>> releasing the Fact Guru software as open source under the LGPL.
>>> Doug agreed, and he is also planning to attend the Ontology Summit
>>> on April 18. He would be happy to discuss the use of FG with anyone
>>> who may be interested. On the cc list above, I added the email for
>>> Doug Skuce and for John Talbot, who did most of the implementation.
>>>
>>> In the links below, note the wide range of sophistication of the
>>> possible applications. The Animals example was implemented by
>>> Doug's 9-year-old daughter as a school project. The SUMO example
>>> was downloaded from the actual SUMO ontology. For each term in
>>> SUMO, FG shows both the English-like text and the axioms written
>>> in KIF.
>>>
>>> John Sowa
>>>
>>> -------- Original Message --------
>>> Subject: Fact Guru
>>> Date: Fri, 28 Jan 2011 21:31:05 -0500
>>> From: John F. Sowa<sowa@xxxxxxxxxxx>
>>> To: [ontolog-forum]<ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
>>> CC: Doug Skuce<drskuce@xxxxxxxxx>
>>>
>>> I was talking with an old friend, Doug Skuce, who taught AI and
>>> knowledge engineering at the University of Ottawa for many years.
>>> He and his students and colleagues have developed some software
>>> that could be valuable for designing and supporting ontologies.
>>>
>>> In the late 80s he developed a knowledge acquisition tool called
>>> CODE (Conceptually Oriented Development Environment) in Smalltalk.
>>> Since CODE did not run on the web, he designed a new version called
>>> Fact Guru in the late 90s. FG can be used to organize a knowledge
>>> base of any kind and present it in a highly readable way;
>>>
>>> http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~tcl/factguru1/FactGuru.pdf
>>>
>>> Following is a blurb from the web site:
>>>
>>> With Fact Guru you can improve understanding by:
>>>
>>> * storing facts grouped by subject in a highly structured
>>> knowledge base.
>>>
>>> * searching the knowledge base to find just the fact you need
>>>
>>> * comparing subjects to see a comparison matrix of differences
>>>
>>> * viewing subjects as a graph to see relationships between
>> them
>>> For a beginner's example that uses only English, see the knowledge
>>> base of Canadian Animals, which was implemented by Doug's nine year
>>> old daughter. Click on any animal name to find a collection of
>>> information about it:
>>>
>>> http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~tcl/factguru1/animals/index.html
>>>
>>> More important for ontology is the use of Fact Guru to import,
>>> organize, and display the top-level ontology of SUMO:
>>>
>>> http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~tcl/factguru1/sumo/index.html
>>>
>>> For an example of a knowledge base about a technical subject,
>>> see the Fact Guru KB about the Java programming language, which
>>> Doug used for teaching a course on Java:
>>>
>>> http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~tcl/factguru1/java/index.html
>>>
>>> This KB is important for two reasons: (1) it is cross linked
>>> to an associated HTML document about Java; and (2) it is written
>>> in a version of controlled English called ClearTalk.
>>>
>>> Doug is currently working with some programmers who are
>>> reimplementing Fact Guru with the Drupal content management
>>> software in order to organize and relate multiple knowledge
>>> bases. This could be useful for the Open Ontology Repository.
>>>
>>> I thought that participants in Ontolog Forum might express
>>> their wish list about features that would be useful for
>>> supporting ontologies and their applications.
>>>
>>> John Sowa
>>>
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>>>
>>>
>>
>> --
>> Mike Bennett
>> Director
>> Hypercube Ltd.
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--
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Director
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