Vinay --
Thanks for the pointer to Drew's "Artificial Intelligence Meets
Natural Stupidity" paper.
It may be worth pointing out that the OWL language referred to in the
paper is not the same thing as the current OWL web
ontology language.
Cheers, -- Adrian
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Vinay K. Chaudhri wrote:
I attach the article here.
Carl Reed OGC Account wrote:
Appears that you need to be an ACM member to
access this article - or am I missing something?
Carl Reed
OGC
----- Original Message ----- From: "Vinay K. Chaudhri"
<Vinay.Chaudhri@xxxxxxx>
To: "[ontolog-forum]" <ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Sent: Tuesday, April 11, 2006 1:18 PM
Subject: Re: [ontolog-forum] Summary on language and ontology
Hello All:
This point was quite eloquently made by Drew McDermott in his seminal
technical note
Artificial Intelligence Meets Natural Stupidity
This article makes a very interesting read, and is available at:
http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1045340&type=pdf&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69268953&CFTOKEN=42244022
Vinay
Adam Pease wrote:
Folks,
My thanks to Patrick for persevering with this discussion, and taking
the time to organize it for everyone's benefit.
Adam
At 12:03 PM 4/11/2006, Patrick Durusau wrote:
Greetings!
Adam Pease and I continued our discussion off-list and we both think
that the results of that discussion may be of broader interest.
I asked Adam to be more specific about what he means by: "meaing is
contained in the formal mathematics?"
The reason I asked that is I was interpreting the "terms," "linguistic
names" to be meaningful in and of themselves.
Adam responded with the following explanation:
***
The meaning of '+' has a formal definition (at least thanks to the
Principia Mathematica). The issue of grounding '+' to language or
thought is orthogonal to its formal meaning. The meaning of the
arithmetic symbols is no more and no less than their formal
mathematical definition. So it is with terms in a formal ontology.
If I define
(=>
(instance ?X Human)
(instance ?X Mammal))
or in conventional logic notation
Human(x) -> Mammal(x) ,
unless I make additional formal statements, this is identical in
meaning to
Foo(x) -> Bar(x)
The meaning of the terms is not in the linguistic names of the terms,
but in its formal mathematical definition.
***
What was the "A ha!" moment for me was realizing that Adam meant that
in the formal statement Human(x) -> Mammal(x), that Human(x) and
Mammal(x) only have the meaning that is defined by the operator, ->.
The meaning of the terms is defined by the operator in formal
statements.
Granted that with a single formal statement we don't know much, a
cumulation of formal statements "define" the terms or linguistic
labels. Each part of the complete "definition" of a term is defined by
the formal operators in the statements in the ontology.
Where I was going off-track was in thinking that the terms or
linguistic labels had more meaning than was being defined by the formal
operator.
When I posted the foregoing to Adam, he pointed out that defining
meaning was not limited to operators. I had just assumed that but he
suggested the following to make that clear:
***
We're getting very close here. The only refinement I'd suggest is that
it's not just logical operators like '=>', 'and', 'or' etc. that
give terms meaning, but also relations and functions, as well as the
entire relationship (which includes another or several other terms).
For example (using SUO-KIF and existing SUMO terms):
(=>
(and
(instance ?X Head)
(part ?Y ?X))
(exists (?Z)
(and
(instance ?Z Organism)
(part ?Y ?Z))))
The formal meaning of "Head" is provided by a number of axioms, but
even in this axiom, it's not just the logical operators of '=>',
'and' and 'exists' that provide that meaning, but the entire statement,
including the relationship to "Organism" formed by the entire
statement, and the use of the particular SUMO relation "part".
***
Note that Adam's original point about the linguistic label "Head" still
obtains. The label has no "intrisic" meaning, only formal meaning as
defined.
Hope everyone is having a great day!
Patrick
--
Patrick Durusau
Patrick@xxxxxxxxxxx
Chair, V1 - Text Processing: Office and Publishing Systems Interface
Co-Editor, ISO 13250, Topic Maps -- Reference Model
Member, Text Encoding Initiative Board of Directors, 2003-2005
Topic Maps: Human, not artificial, intelligence at work!
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