On Mon, January 2, 2012 22:42, Rich Cooper said:
> Dear Self Interested Ontologists, (01)
> This is a post from another newsgroup (02)
Thanks for sharing this, Rich. (03)
> which I
> think demonstrates how basic the emotional drives
> (i. e. self interest) are. (04)
I find it curious to equate "emotional drives" with
"self interest". I agree that there are relationships
between various drives and *perceived* self interest,
but would hold that the relationship between them and
self interest is more complex. (05)
The article below discusses that electrical stimulation
of subcortical regions for the various emotional arousals
have been used as "rewards" and "punishments" in various
experiments. (06)
The emotions referred to are:
>> ... Seven types of emotional arousals
>> have been described; using a special capitalized
>> nomenclature for such primary process emotional
>> systems, they are SEEKING, RAGE, FEAR, LUST, CARE,
>> PANIC/GRIEF and PLAY. (07)
It seems non-intuitive to me that PANIC and GRIEF would
be so tied together, that their regions of activation
would not be distinguishable, when the others would. (08)
> Even simple animals have them, (09)
The below post only stated that they were present in all
vertebrates -- not in anything simpler. Perhaps you meant
to write "simple vertebrates". (010)
-- doug f (011)
> as has often been denied in the
> literature, but which is clarified in this post. (012)
> HTH,
>
> -Rich
>
>
>
> Sincerely,
>
> Rich Cooper
>
> EnglishLogicKernel.com
>
> Rich AT EnglishLogicKernel DOT com
>
> 9 4 9 \ 5 2 5 - 5 7 1 2
>
> _____
>
> From: Discussion Group for Psychology and the Arts
> [mailto:PSYART@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Norman
> Holland
> Sent: Monday, January 02, 2012 4:56 PM
> To: PSYART@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
> Subject: Emotions in animals
>
>
>
> These are important findings from the father of
> "affective neuroscience," Jaak Panksepp. As every
> pet owner knows, cats and dogs have emotions. But
> which and how? What's particularly intriguing is
> the idea that there is a certain finite number of
> focal emotions.
>
> --Norm
>
>
> 1.
>
> PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e21236. Epub 2011 Sep 7.
>
>
> Cross-species
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21915252>
> affective neuroscience decoding of the primal
> affective experiences of humans and related
> animals.
>
>
> Panksepp J
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Pankse
> pp%20J%22%5BAuthor%5D> .
>
>
> Source
>
>
> Department of Veterinary & Comparative Anatomy,
> Pharmacology and Physiology College of Veterinary
> Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman,
> Washington, United States of America.
>
>
> Abstract
>
>
> BACKGROUND: The issue of whether other animals
> have internally felt experiences has vexed animal
> behavioral science since its inception. Although
> most investigators remain agnostic on such
> contentious issues, there is now abundant
> experimental evidence indicating that all mammals
> have negatively and positively-valenced emotional
> networks concentrated in homologous brain regions
> that mediate affective experiences when animals
> are emotionally aroused. That is what the
> neuroscientific evidence indicates. PRINCIPAL
> FINDINGS: THE RELEVANT LINES OF EVIDENCE ARE AS
> FOLLOWS: 1) It is easy to elicit powerful
> unconditioned emotional responses using localized
> electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB); these
> effects are concentrated in ancient subcortical
> brain regions. Seven types of emotional arousals
> have been described; using a special capitalized
> nomenclature for such primary process emotional
> systems, they are SEEKING, RAGE, FEAR, LUST, CARE,
> PANIC/GRIEF and PLAY. 2) These brain circuits are
> situated in homologous subcortical brain regions
> in all vertebrates tested. Thus, if one activates
> FEAR arousal circuits in rats, cats or primates,
> all exhibit similar fear responses. 3) All
> primary-process emotional-instinctual urges, even
> ones as complex as social PLAY, remain intact
> after radical neo-decortication early in life;
> thus, the neocortex is not essential for the
> generation of primary-process emotionality. 4)
> Using diverse measures, one can demonstrate that
> animals like and dislike ESB of brain regions that
> evoke unconditioned instinctual emotional
> behaviors: Such ESBs can serve as 'rewards' and
> 'punishments' in diverse approach and
> escape/avoidance learning tasks. 5) Comparable ESB
> of human brains yield comparable affective
> experiences. Thus, robust evidence indicates that
> raw primary-process (i.e., instinctual,
> unconditioned) emotional behaviors and feelings
> emanate from homologous brain functions in all
> mammals (see Appendix S1), which are regulated by
> higher brain regions. Such findings suggest
> nested-hierarchies of BrainMind affective
> processing, with primal emotional functions being
> foundational for secondary-process learning and
> memory mechanisms, which interface with
> tertiary-process cognitive-thoughtful functions of
> the BrainMind.
>
> PMCID: PMC3168430
>
>
>
> Free PMC Article
>
>
>
>
> PMID:
>
> 21915252
>
>
>
>
> .
>
> Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011 Aug 19. [Epub ahead of
> print]
>
>
> The basic
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21872619>
> emotional circuits of mammalian brains: Do animals
> have affective lives?
>
>
> Panksepp J
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Pankse
> pp%20J%22%5BAuthor%5D> .
>
>
> Source
>
>
> Department of VCAPP, College of Veterinary
> Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman,
> WA, USA.
>
>
> Abstract
>
>
> The primal affects are intrinsic brain value
> systems that unconditionally and automatically
> inform animals how they are faring in survival.
> They serve an essential function in emotional
> learning. The positive affects index "comfort
> zones" that support survival, while negative
> affects inform animals of circumstances that may
> impair survival. Affective feelings come in
> several varieties, including sensory, homeostatic,
> and emotional (which I focus on here).
> Primary-process emotional feelings arise from
> ancient caudal and medial subcortical regions, and
> were among the first subjective experiences to
> exist on the face of the earth. Without them,
> higher forms of conscious "awareness" may not have
> emerged in primate brain evolution. Because of
> homologous "instinctual" neural infrastructures,
> we can utilize animal brain research to reveal the
> nature of primary-process human affects. Since all
> vertebrates appear to have some capacity for
> primal affective feelings, the implications for
> animal-welfare and how we ethically treat other
> animals are vast.
>
> Copyright C 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
> reserved.
>
>
>
>
> PMID:
>
> 21872619
>
> =====================================
>
>
> _________________________________________________________________
> Message Archives: http://ontolog.cim3.net/forum/ontolog-forum/
> Config Subscr: http://ontolog.cim3.net/mailman/listinfo/ontolog-forum/
> Unsubscribe: mailto:ontolog-forum-leave@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
> Shared Files: http://ontolog.cim3.net/file/
> Community Wiki: http://ontolog.cim3.net/wiki/
> To join: http://ontolog.cim3.net/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?WikiHomePage#nid1J
> (013)
=============================================================
doug foxvog doug@xxxxxxxxxx http://ProgressiveAustin.org (014)
"I speak as an American to the leaders of my own nation. The great
initiative in this war is ours. The initiative to stop it must be ours."
- Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
============================================================= (015)
_________________________________________________________________
Message Archives: http://ontolog.cim3.net/forum/ontolog-forum/
Config Subscr: http://ontolog.cim3.net/mailman/listinfo/ontolog-forum/
Unsubscribe: mailto:ontolog-forum-leave@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Shared Files: http://ontolog.cim3.net/file/
Community Wiki: http://ontolog.cim3.net/wiki/
To join: http://ontolog.cim3.net/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?WikiHomePage#nid1J (016)
|