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In-Reply-To: <256CFA65-DEEA-48DA-8BA2-125AEC9A7568@xxxxxxx>
Subject: RE: [ontolog-forum] standard ontology
Date: Wed, 11 Feb 2009 20:00:07 -0000
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PatH, (04)
I am being a little lazy here. (05)
On a project recently, working with a logician, who is familiar with OWL,
etc. - i.e. a good CV. I asked if he could find out what 'Individual' in OWL
meant? (06)
He said something like: (07)
"As far as I know, there is no official OWL definition of individual. (08)
Because of OWL Full, I would say that an individual is an OWL object that
has no OWL instances." (09)
What is the 'official' logic/KR definition? And does OWL follow it? And if
not why not? And if it does, is my colleague right that they do not state
this clearly? (010)
I would like to be clear on this because I have come across a number of
different claims. (011)
Philosophers tend to use it in a number of senses (one factor being whether
their version of general things is "indivisible") as apparently does
Wordnet. Wikipedia accords "statistics and metaphysics" (in that order) more
priority for the term than logic and knowledge representation. (012)
Definitions of individual on the Web: (013)
. being or characteristic of a single thing or person; "individual
drops of rain"; "please mark the individual pages"; "they went their
individual ... (014)
. separate and distinct from others of the same kind; "mark the
individual pages"; "on a case-by-case basis" (015)
. person: a human being; "there was too much for one person to do" (016)
. characteristic of or meant for a single person or thing; "an
individual serving"; "single occupancy"; "a single bed" (017)
. individual(a): concerning one person exclusively; "we all have
individual cars"; "each room has a private bath" (018)
wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn (019)
. As commonly used, individual refers to a person or to any specific
object in a collection. In the 15th century and earlier, and also today
within the fields of statistics and metaphysics, individual means
"indivisible", typically describing any numerically singular thing, but
sometimes meaning ... (020)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individual (021)
You mis-use established terminology ("individual" here being the worst
culprit: that isn't what everyone else means by "individual". (022)
[MW] That's a bit vacuous. There is hardly any word that does not have a
large number of meanings, and at least this is one of the meanings that
individual has been used for. (023)
Perhaps I should have said, throughout the literature on logic and knowledge
representation. (024)
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<body lang=3DEN-GB link=3Dblue vlink=3Dpurple style=3D'word-wrap: =
break-word;
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space;-webkit-line-break: after-white-space'> (028)
<div class=3DSection1> (029)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>PatH,<o:p></o:p></span></p> (030)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> (031)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I am being a little lazy here.<o:p></o:p></span></p> (032)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>On a project recently, working with a logician, who is =
familiar with
OWL, etc. – i.e. a good CV. I asked if he could find out what =
‘Individual’
in OWL meant?<o:p></o:p></span></p> (033)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> (034)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>He said something like:<o:p></o:p></span></p> (035)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> (036)
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>“As far as I =
know,
there is no official OWL definition of individual.<o:p></o:p></span></p> (037)
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Because of OWL Full, I =
would
say that an individual is an OWL object that has no OWL =
instances.”<o:p></o:p></span></p> (038)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> (039)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>What is the ‘official’ logic/KR definition? =
And does
OWL follow it? And if not why not? And if it does, is my colleague right =
that
they do not state this clearly?<o:p></o:p></span></p> (040)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> (041)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I would like to be clear on this because I have come =
across a
number of different claims.<o:p></o:p></span></p> (042)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> (043)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Philosophers tend to use it in a number of senses (one =
factor
being whether their version of general things is =
“indivisible”) as
apparently does Wordnet. Wikipedia accords “statistics and =
metaphysics”
(in that order) more priority for the term than </span>logic and
knowledge representation<span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>. <o:p></o:p></span></p> (044)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> (045)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Definitions of individual on the =
Web:<o:p></o:p></span></p> (046)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> (047)
<p class=3DMsoListParagraph style=3D'text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 =
level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D'><span
style=3D'mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style=3D'font:7.0pt "Times New =
Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>being or characteristic of a single thing or person;
"individual drops of rain"; "please mark the individual
pages"; "they went their individual ...<o:p></o:p></span></p> (048)
<p class=3DMsoListParagraph style=3D'text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 =
level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D'><span
style=3D'mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style=3D'font:7.0pt "Times New =
Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>separate and distinct from others of the same kind; =
"mark
the individual pages"; "on a case-by-case =
basis"<o:p></o:p></span></p> (049)
<p class=3DMsoListParagraph style=3D'text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 =
level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D'><span
style=3D'mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style=3D'font:7.0pt "Times New =
Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>person: a human being; "there was too much for one =
person
to do"<o:p></o:p></span></p> (050)
<p class=3DMsoListParagraph style=3D'text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 =
level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D'><span
style=3D'mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style=3D'font:7.0pt "Times New =
Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>characteristic of or meant for a single person or thing; =
"an
individual serving"; "single occupancy"; "a single
bed"<o:p></o:p></span></p> (051)
<p class=3DMsoListParagraph style=3D'text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 =
level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D'><span
style=3D'mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style=3D'font:7.0pt "Times New =
Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>individual(a): concerning one person exclusively; =
"we all
have individual cars"; "each room has a private bath" =
<o:p></o:p></span></p> (052)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn<o:p></o:p></span></p> (053)
<p class=3DMsoListParagraph style=3D'text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 =
level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D'><span
style=3D'mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style=3D'font:7.0pt "Times New =
Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>As commonly used, individual refers to a person or to any
specific object in a collection. In the 15th century and earlier, and =
also
today within the fields of statistics and metaphysics, individual means
"indivisible", typically describing any numerically singular =
thing,
but sometimes meaning ...<o:p></o:p></span></p> (054)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individual<o:p></o:p></span></p> (055)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p> (056)
<div style=3D'border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm =
0cm 4.0pt'> (057)
<div> (058)
<div> (059)
<div> (060)
<div style=3D'border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm =
0cm 4.0pt;
border-width:initial;border-color:initial'> (061)
<div> (062)
<div> (063)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><i><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'> </span></i></b><span =
style=3D'color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p> (064)
</div> (065)
<div> (066)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'color:black'>You mis-use established
terminology ("individual" here being the worst culprit: that =
isn't
what everyone else means by "individual".<span
class=3Dapple-converted-space> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> (067)
</div> (068)
<div> (069)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><i><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'> </span></i></b><span =
style=3D'color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p> (070)
</div> (071)
<div> (072)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><i><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>[MW] That’s a bit vacuous. There is hardly any word =
that
does not have a large number of meanings, and at least this is one of =
the
meanings that individual has been used for.</span></i></b><span
style=3D'color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p> (073)
</div> (074)
</div> (075)
</div> (076)
</div> (077)
</div> (078)
<div> (079)
<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p> (080)
</div> (081)
<p class=3DMsoNormal>Perhaps I should have said, throughout the =
literature on
logic and knowledge representation. <o:p></o:p></p> (082)
</div> (083)
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:4.8pt'><o:p> </o:p></p> (084)
</div> (085)
</div> (086)
</body> (087)
</html> (088)
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