John (01)
STEP (as I say incessantly), separates out Product, version,
view, property, property-representation and representation-presentation,
and relates them pairwise in that order. It also has type/subtype,
has-a and has-role. The semantics of all these relations make them seem
fundamentally different, especially when coupled with the existance
rules of STEP relationships - e.g. A version must be a version of a Product,
it cannot exist independently. I could use "Has-a" for quite a number of
these
relationships, but given that the domains (thing, time, perspective,
*property-of, representation, appearance) are quite separate, it seems
that one is using the same presentation for independent properties, and
creating ambiguity where there should be none. (02)
*property-of - there is no such thing as property, rather the word
"property" signifies a language game where we can say something of
something else (the ink has the property blackness, the paper flatness,
the e-mail lateness). (03)
Sean Barker
Bristol, UK (04)
> -----Original Message-----
> From: ontolog-forum-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
> [mailto:ontolog-forum-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of
> John F. Sowa
> Sent: 11 October 2008 02:00
> To: ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
> Subject: Re: [ontolog-forum] Looking forward at the past
>
>
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> Pat and Don,
>
> I partially agree with that point:
>
> PC> When you try to "interoperate" with a plumber or any other
> > person, your chances of achieving successful communication
> depend on
> > both of you already sharing a very large basic vocabulary.
>
> But I'd replace "very large" with "an amount varying from
> almost nothing to a great deal". It would be more accurate
> to say "common assumptions about the subject domain",
> independent of whether those assumptions are stated in a
> common language or even a language of any kind.
>
> I also agree with the following point, but first we have to
> decide how to organize that foundational ontology.
>
> DC> The reason you can effectively communicate with the cast of
> > characters in your examples requires much, much more than
> the lowest
> > level task common definitions. Many of these things are of the sort
> > that would be in a foundational ontology.
>
> As I have said in various notes, my view of a foundational
> ontology consists of a large, but very sparsely axiomatized
> type hierarchy, which would primarily be based on two relations:
> type/subtype and part/whole. In fact, it might be better to
> think of it as little more than a well-designed taxonomy and
> meronomy for a large vocabulary.
>
> In addition to those very sparsely axiomatized terms, there
> must be specialized chunks or modules or microtheories of
> knowledge with much more detailed axioms. I think Don's list
> is fine, and it could be enlarged with a long list of
> esoteric areas that may be critical for certain applications.
> But in many cases, one party to the dialog may have vastly
> more knowledge about these esoteric topics than the other.
>
> DC> * Time
> * Location
> * Interdependencies in general and specifically for each domain
> * A host of concepts:
> -contracts
> -Residential building codes
> -budgeting
> -competitive pricing
> -anatomy
> -nutrition
> -locale specific cuisine
> -context to parse the communications correctly
>
> But note that these come into play in *different* tasks with
> different people, who may have different kinds and amounts of
> knowledge about the shared task.
>
> A contractor usually has far more knowledge of building codes
> than the house owner and a dentist has vastly more knowledge
> about dental anatomy. In many cases, interoperability is
> successful *because* the amount and kind of knowledge is *asymmetric*.
>
> To return to my original point: When talking with the
> plumber, dentist, waiter, clerk, surgeon, contractor, etc.,
> the amount of shared vocabulary that the two parties require
> is generally a tiny fraction of what either one of them knows.
>
> Furthermore, the core intersection of vocabulary required for
> all six pairs of interactions is very tiny. The core
> intersection is seldom, if ever, verbalized. It is the
> common knowledge that dictionaries do not state explicitly.
>
> These are the reasons why I recommend a very sparsely
> axiomatized taxonomy and meronomy of terms. (Note that the
> definitions in Longman's dictionary leave out an enormous
> amount of information that would be required to use those
> terms effectively.) The basis for detailed reasoning is in
> the very specialized microtheories, of which one party may
> often know a great deal more than the other.
>
> Essential point: Many, if not most, kinds of
> interoperability are asymmetric: one party may have vastly
> more knowledge about the domain than the other. Even when
> the amounts of relevant knowledge are similar, the two
> parties may have very different kinds (e.g. manager and
> employee, contractor and subcontractor, CEO and accountant),
> and they communicate primarily on their common intersection.
>
> John
>
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> (05)
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