| Leo, Yes, the development of reference ontologies are influenced by the requirements of several existing or expected applications. I completely agree. It just seemed that you originally made a stronger claim. Best Fabian
On Dec 18, 2012, at 3:14 PM, Obrst, Leo J. wrote: No, it is rarely “the” application, but application is always in mind, I think, when you develop an ontology. What, after all, are requirements? Requirements for what? Represent ontology classes, relations, properties (axioms) to a certain level of granularity? What is the targeted level of granularity and why? Personally I think you always have an application (applications) in mind when you develop ontologies. Reuse of an ontology occurs when you have another application(s) in mind. The application may be very general or very specific: provide a superstructure for mid-level and domain ontologies for semantic interoperability (of systems), enable semantic search by characterizing concepts to be used for conceptual “term” expansion or content-tagging, provide a basis for enterprise engineering, provide semantic integration for these 5 databases. To me, those are applications, albeit some are generic applications. Thanks, Leo From: ontology-summit-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:ontology-summit-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Fabian Neuhaus
Sent: Tuesday, December 18, 2012 2:25 PM
To: Ontology Summit 2013 discussion
Subject: Re: [ontology-summit] Scope of ontology: Issues: Leo, No doubt, these ontologies have specific uses and intents. And these lead to requirements (although they might be unstated). But these requirements are not dependent on the requirements of a specific application. This is why I don't agree that their development "has to fit with the development of *the* application". On Dec 18, 2012, at 2:13 PM, Obrst, Leo J. wrote:
Perhaps we can weaken it a bit, to a specific use or uses? I would still say that the Gene Ontology, DOLCE, BFO, etc., have specific uses and intents, even if the use/intent is something like “act as a foundational ontology linking 3D with 4D perspectives”, or “act as an upper domain ontology for Anatomy”, or “provide an ontology of quality spaces and tropes”, etc. I would not like to quite water it down to that of any artifact. I think the following is too strong. Ontology development is always dependent on application requirements, and so development of the ontology has to fit in with the development of the application.
This is certainly true for many ontologies. But there are examples (like the Gene Ontology, Foundational Model of Anatomy) which are not being developed for a specific application. On Dec 18, 2012, at 10:36 AM, Obrst, Leo J. wrote: Ontology development is always dependent on application requirements, and so development of the ontology has to fit in with the development of the application. Across the full lifecycle. In many cases, viewed abstractly, a very successful, sound ontology can be part of a failed application. In which case, failure can taint the ontology too, or worse, the prospects and value of ontological engineering/science. That is why, in our discussions, we have talked so much about “ontology and application lifecycle”. For example, developing an ontology may require also developing or promoting a vocabulary, even multiple vocabularies, that map to the ontology. These enable user communities to use their words and phrases, their presentations, while also ensuring the representation provided by the ontology. Vocabularies can include user interfaces (forms, graphics), but also data schemas, both relational and XML-based. So it seems to many of us that ontology evaluation has to address also application use and intent. An issue that I don't see clearly in the correspondence is: How does ontology development fits into the larger life cycle of information system development? Answering requires some statement on the scope of ontologies and how they relate to other knowledge and information models. * What are the different paradigms for roles for an ontology in information or knowledge systems? As a terminology to be carried by the information model? As part of the the information model? As a means of validating the information model? Reconciling multiple information models? Other? In each case is it one model or several? If several, how are the interfaces defined? Maintained? * How does this integration into use affect the life cycle? Can we avoid too close a coupling between the ontology development and other developments so that one does not become a drag on the other. In particular how to front loading development with the work on ontology development that the applications never get built. This has been a major issue in the Health Informatics area, with enormous effort going into developing resources such as SNOMED CT and the NCI Thesaurus with much less attention to how they will be used (not to mention the related front-loaded efforts in other areas of information modelling, e.g. both HL7-v3 ). Are these issues the Summit should address? (Or have I just not looked int the right place or interpreted the comments correctly) Professor of Medical Informatics School of Computer Science TEL +44 (0) 161 275 6149/6188 <ATT00001..c>
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