All, (01)
Don't forget to consider the social and political institutions that have
been created to help codify and propagate all forms of language (including
the Ontolog Forum itself). Without them, we wouldn't be having these
discussions - and we wouldn't have the multiplicity of explicit (I didn't
want to use the word "formal") languages and vocabularies and ontologies
that we do. And languages do go (and are going) extinct because of a lack of
such institutions (or the "fading away" of such institutions). (02)
Hans Polzer (03)
-----Original Message-----
From: ontolog-forum-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
[mailto:ontolog-forum-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of John F Sowa
Sent: Tuesday, August 25, 2015 9:20 AM
To: ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: Re: [ontolog-forum] Natural logic (04)
Phil and Gregg, (05)
Your notes make some important points. But I'd add that the main novelty of
the natlog slides come in the last two files, natlog3 and natlog4. They
become more technical, but they introduce a new way of integrating vision
and other modalities into logic and reasoning. (See the addendum below) (06)
PCM
> I would add that human language is also based on:
>
> 1. The nature of our sound-producing organs, including lung capacity
> and normal breathing cycles, and our hearing/listening capabilities
> under normal circumstances. (07)
That is certainly true for human spoken languages. (08)
GR
> Sign language?
>
> These days lots of people think human language is grounded
> in gesture. Google David McNeill for more info. (09)
Note slides 4-6 of http://www.jfsowa.com/talks/natlog2.pdf
especially slide 5, which summarizes an article about infants who are
bilingual in two different languages of their parents.
They include all 10 combinations of English, French, American Sign Language
(ASL), and Langue des Signes Québécoise (LSQ). (010)
PCM
> 2. The production of a single linear stream of sound. (Most of us
> don't normally produce multiple simultaneous streams of speech.
> However, we seem to be able to understand, at least to some limited
> degree, simultaneous speech and music.) (011)
We live in a single *multimedia* stream. Simultaneous speech and music is a
single stream that builds on and extends the *music* of speech. Dancing is
an even further enhancement. Written language has advantages in precision
and permanence, but it also loses a lot. (012)
PCM
> some computer-based representations of meaningful communications
> enable people to reference subsets of prior communications explicitly,
> unambiguously, and dynamically. (013)
Those methods are already making a useful contribution. But the term
'unambiguously' is an exaggeration. The fact that somebody has written a
precise definition of a term does not imply that everybody (anybody?) who
uses the term has read, remembered, understood, or conformed to the
definition. (014)
Note that schema.org is growing much faster than any formal ontology.
But the versions that are growing exponentially faster are the vague
folksonomies and *hashtags*. (015)
John
_____________________________________________________________________ (016)
Addendum from http://www.jfsowa.com/talks/natlog4.pdf (017)
Slide 29:
COMPUTABILITY (018)
Can icons enable proofs with Generalized EGs to go beyond what can be
computed with a Turing machine? (019)
With the kinds of icons Euclid used, no:
... (020)
But with continuous icons, maybe:
... (021)
_____________________________________________________________________ (022)
Slide 30: (023)
TURING ORACLE MACHINES (024)
How could Generalized EGs go beyond a Turing machine?
... (025)
But Turing (1939) also discussed oracles for o-machines:
...
_____________________________________________________________________ (026)
Slide 31: (027)
A MULTIMEDIA LOGIC (028)
Peirce called existential graphs “the logic of the future.” (029)
Computer graphics and virtual reality can implement them:
... (030)
Peirce’s claim is consistent with neuroscience:
... (031)
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