[ontolog-forum] Schema.org is not OWL-based (was Re: Toward Human-Level

[Simon Spero <sesuncedu@xxxxxxxxx>]

On Sun, Apr 27, 2014 at 5:12 PM, John F Sowa <sowa@xxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:

But note that Schema.org contains a lot OWL-level specifications,
including the GoodRelations ontologies.  That is the point I was
making in the following statement:

Schema.org does not use OWL; in some places it does use some parts of rdfs, but not in a way that is easy to reason with.  The data model is described here: http://schema.org/docs/datamodel.html

Instead of specifying range/domain constraints or licensed inferences, schema.org states domainincludes and rangeincludes values.  These state that the value of a domain or range of a property does not exclude some class.  This does not really support much reasoning, and instead serves more as a general suggestion.  It's similar to, but slightly weaker than, #$typicalArgIsa

This leads to odd looking properties: e.g.  http://schema.org/purpose 

Good relations example [turtle generated using sesame, from the RDFa].

Linkage to GoodRelations terms is indirect at best: there is a schema:Organization that is used to indicated that Good Relations was used as the source of a class or property.  

    

<http://www.w3.org/wiki/WebSchemas/SchemaDotOrgSources#source_GoodRelationsClass> a <http://schema.org/Organization> ;

        <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "GoodRelationsClass" ;

        <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "This class is derived from the GoodRelations Vocabulary for E-Commerce, created by Martin Hepp. GoodRelations is a data model for sharing e-commerce data on the Web that can be expressed in a variety of syntaxes, including RDFa and HTML5 Microdata. More information about GoodRelations can be found at <a href="" href="http://purl.org/goodrelations/\">http://purl.org/goodrelations/\">http://purl.org/goodrelations/</a>." .elationsProperties> a <http://schema.org/Organization> ;

        <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "GoodRelationsProperties" ;

        <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "This class contains derivatives of properties from the GoodRelations Vocabulary for E-Commerce, created by Martin Hepp. GoodRelations is a data model for sharing e-commerce data on the Web that can be expressed in a variety of syntaxes, including RDFa and HTML5 Microdata. More information about GoodRelations can be found at <a href="" href="http://purl.org/goodrelations/\">http://purl.org/goodrelations/\">http://purl.org/goodrelations/</a>." .

When terms are used as individual values, they are mentioned in a comment:

<http://schema.org/CreditCard> a <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class> ;

        <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "CreditCard" ;

        <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> """A credit or debit card type as a standardized procedure for transferring the monetary amount for a purchase.

    Commonly used values:

    http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#AmericanExpress

    http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#DinersClub

    http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#Discover

    http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#JCB

    http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#MasterCard

    http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#VISA

                """ ;

        <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://schema.org/PaymentMethod> ;

        <http://purl.org/dc/terms/source> <http://www.w3.org/wiki/WebSchemas/SchemaDotOrgSources#source_GoodRelationsClass> .

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