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Re: [ontolog-forum] Using controlled natural languages for ontology

To: "doug@xxxxxxxxxx" <doug@xxxxxxxxxx>, "[ontolog-forum]" <ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
From: Ed Barkmeyer <edbark@xxxxxxxx>
Date: Wed, 16 Mar 2011 12:22:26 -0400
Message-id: <4D80E3C2.2090507@xxxxxxxx>


doug foxvog wrote:
> On Tue, March 15, 2011 10:22, Simon Spero said:
>   
>> On Mar 15, 2011 1:26 AM, "doug foxvog" <doug@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
>>     
>
>   
>>>  "The War of 1812 lasted from 1812 to 1815."
>>>  "The duration of the War of 1812 was from 1812 to 1815."
>>>  "The US & UK fought from 1812 to 1815."
>>>       
>
>   
>> Minor but possibly relevant issues with the last paraphrase: the major
>> actors in the event included Canada. (Implicature).
>>     
>
> Of course, Canada was a set of UK colonies at the time.  On the US
> invasions of Canada, they fought British forces.
>       (01)

And to be quite correct, the political entity was known in the time as 
"Great Britain", and not yet the "United Kingdom", with the term 
"British Empire" intervening.  Canada achieved Dominion status (self 
rule within the Empire) in 1867.    (02)

It is worth noting that the Americans, ostensibly being allied to 
Napoleon in the time, expected to find support among the Quebecois, but 
the militia of Quebec fought loyally (and well) for Great Britain.    (03)

>> Also, fighting between us and uk forces was discontinuous, and
>> (accidentally) continued one day after the end of the War.
>>     
>
> Wars and the fighting of wars are discontinuous in space and time.
> This is true of many other sorts of events, as well.  A good ontology
> of events would represent this.
>       (04)

This is a problem.  While the _fighting_ of wars is historically 
discontinuous in space and time, the _state_ of war is continuous, from 
a military, diplomatic and economic point of view.  And there are many 
other situations that have this problem in terms of relating a concept 
of occurrences to actualities in space/time.     (05)

A recent example is a company that maintains a continuous supply of 
parts over a time period, even though the suppliers and contracts change 
over that time period.  The state 'there exists a supplier to company C 
for part P' holds -- the proposition remains true -- even if the 
existential is satisfied over the time period by different instances S1, 
S2, ... of 'supplier'.    (06)

Similarly, the War of 1812 existed officially from the declaration of 
war by the United States until the signing of the peace treaty in 1815, 
but as a set of occurrences of operations, each of which involved 
periods of preparation, periods of actual battle, and periods of retreat 
and recovery.  The war at sea, for example, consisted entirely of 
sorties by individual warships (commerce raiders and escorts), with the 
exception of the British invasion of 1814 and the Battle of Lake Erie 
(which involved the sorriest fleets either nation ever fielded).    (07)

For the OMG Date/Time ontology, we decided it was better to think of 
events as concepts/relations that are instantiated in 4D space/time by 
'occurrences' of states, rather than as truth of propositions.  Put 
another way, you get propositions that are both true and false over some 
historical interval, and it is more workable to think of them as 
formulas that define relations rather than formulas that are propositions.    (08)

>> [ The war was a failed attempt to seize Canada
>>     
>
> It included such attempts.  It involved other issues on both sides,
> but those are not matters of discussion in this forum.
>       (09)

Indeed.  It was an intersection of different political agendas in the 
U.S. Congress and in the Executive.  In addition to the jingoist desire 
to conquer Canada, there was the impact of Britain's dominance of the 
seas on U.S. oceangoing commerce and the lumber, cotton and tobacco 
industries.    (010)

> An ontology used for representing the war would need to specify
> subevents of the war, charges made by different parties to the war,
> and relationships between subevents of the main event and other events
> that are not considered to be part of the main event.  Representing
> contexts would be important, as what are viewed as facts by one party
> are viewed as false by another.
>       (011)

The idea of 'subevents' is definitely in the eye of the beholder.  The 
same situation in space/time can satisfy many 'event' concepts.  
Strictly speaking 'A is a subevent of B' should mean that the 
proposition whose instantaneous truth characterizes event A _entails_ 
the proposition whose instantaneous truth characterizes event B.  By 
comparison, the use of 'subevent' here probably refers to some 
ill-defined part/whole relationship, and many of those come dangerously 
close to 'post hoc' interpretations (more accurately 'inter hoc': 
'during' implies 'part of').    (012)

>> whilst British forces were
>> engaged in the Peninsular Campaign to liberate    (013)

a word that reveals one Anglo bias, one not in fact shared by 
Wellington, who saw the Peninsular Campaign as a perfect example of 
Clausewitz's maxim:  War is politics conducted by other means.    (014)

>>  Spain and Portugal, and
>> Napoleon was still in the thick black part of the graph.
>> The war was pushed on the country by the western-most regions and opposed
>> by  everyone near a coastline.
>>     
>
> Certainly not *everyone*.
>       (015)

Exactly.  In fact, the set of persons whose livelihood or fortune was 
based on oceangoing commerce tended to live and work near a coastline, 
perforce, and supported the war in large numbers.  The jingoists were 
for the most part in the states that bordered Canada, but they were 
joined by others from Virginia and North Carolina who had visions of an 
American Empire.    (016)

>> After the first exile, the Royal Navy were free to transport and sustain
>> battle hardened Marines and other forces, leading to the unfortunate
>> events of Aug 24th.
>>         (017)

Well, every cloud has its silver lining.  One result was the 
construction of the ring of forts around Washington in the 1830s, one of 
which, Fort Totten, was built across the 1814 avenue of invasion (the 
Bladensburg Pike, aka New York Avenue).  Another of them  stopped Jubal 
Early's attack on Washington in 1864.  (It is worth noting that Early 
marched down the same road that Dolly Madison and the Whitehouse staff 
used to escape in 1814 -- the 7th Street Pike, now called Georgia 
Avenue.  Early was stopped at Fort Stevens, now the site of Walter Reed 
Army Medical Center, just inside the point that is the top of the DC 
diamond.)    (018)

-Ed    (019)

>
>   (inRetaliationFor BuringOfWashington BurningOfYorkCanada)
>
> -- doug foxvog
>
>   
>> This was just what the opponents of the war had expected.]
>>
>> Simon // Up Grads and at 'em
>>
>>     
>
>
> =============================================================
> doug foxvog    doug@xxxxxxxxxx   http://ProgressiveAustin.org
>
> "I speak as an American to the leaders of my own nation. The great
> initiative in this war is ours. The initiative to stop it must be ours."
>     - Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
> =============================================================
>
>  
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>       (020)

-- 
Edward J. Barkmeyer                        Email: edbark@xxxxxxxx
National Institute of Standards & Technology
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8263                Tel: +1 301-975-3528
Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8263                Cel: +1 240-672-5800    (021)

"The opinions expressed above do not reflect consensus of NIST, 
 and have not been reviewed by any Government authority."    (022)


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