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Re: [ontolog-forum] language ambiguity (was: Axiomatic ontology)

To: "[ontolog-forum]" <ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, "Brian Buck" <bbuck@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
From: "Brian Buck" <bbuck@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Date: Fri, 15 Feb 2008 17:57:18 +0000
Message-id: <1212170317-1203098158-cardhu_decombobulator_blackberry.rim.net-511248352-@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>

-----Original Message-----
From: Mills Davis <lmd@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>    (01)

Date: Fri, 15 Feb 2008 12:20:46 
To:"[ontolog-forum] " <ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Subject: Re: [ontolog-forum] language ambiguity (was: Axiomatic ontology)    (02)


Speaking of question answering based on wikipedia.  Have you looked at 
AskMeNow's  AskWiki?    (03)


http://askwiki.com/AskWiki/index.php/Main_Page 
<http://askwiki.com/AskWiki/index.php/Main_Page>     (04)








On Feb 15, 2008, at 10:03 AM, Len Yabloko wrote:
I have tried it at the address below - it is experimental site called 
PowerLabs. You can't search the Web, but only Wikipedia and only using 
tripples: something-connection-something.
This is what you get for FDA - approves - drugs    (05)



*                                                                                   (06)




                                Oprelvekin 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprelvekin> :                                     
                                                                     "The FDA 
has approved the drug very recently, in 2006."                                      (07)







                                Criticism of the Food and Drug Administration 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Food_and_Drug_Administration> :      (08)

                          "Criticism: FDA approves unsafe drugs"                    (09)







                                Criticism of the Food and Drug Administration 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Food_and_Drug_Administration> :      (010)

                          "Some critics believe that the FDA has been too 
willing to overlook safety concerns in approving new drugs, and is slow to 
withdraw approved drugs once evidence shows them to be unsafe."                     (011)






                                Criticism of the Food and Drug Administration 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Food_and_Drug_Administration> : 
"Troglitazone and rofecoxib (trade name Vioxx) are high-profile examples of 
drugs approved by the FDA which were later withdrawn from the market for posing 
unacceptable risks to patients."                                                    (012)





                                Pramlintide 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pramlintide> :                                        (013)

"Symlin is the only drug approved by the FDA to lower blood sugar in type 1 
diabetics since insulin's discovery in the early 1920s."                            (014)







                                Omapatrilat 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omapatrilat> :                                        (015)

"This drug from BMS was not approved by the FDA due to angioedema safety 
concerns [Reference: Joshi Venugopal. (2003) Pharmacological modulation of the 
natriuretic peptide system."                                                        (016)







                                National Drug Code System 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Drug_Code_System> :                          (017)

      "Inclusion of a drug in the directory does not mean that the FDA has 
approved the drug or that Medicare, Medicaid or other payers will reimburse for 
it."                                                                                (018)






                                Torisel <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torisel> 
:                                                                               
                                 "Temsirolimus is an intravenous drug for the 
treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), developed by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals and 
approved by the FDA in late May 2007."                                              (019)







                                Monoamine oxidase inhibitor 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitor> : "Two such drugs, 
selegiline and rasagiline have been approved by the FDA to not require dietary 
restrictions, except in high dosage treatment."                                     (020)






                                Neuropsychopharmacology 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropsychopharmacology> : "The FDA has approved 
drugs which selectively act on each of the major neurotransmitters such as NE 
reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, DA blocker anti-psychotics, and GABA 
agonist tranquilizers (benzodiazepines)."                                           (021)






                                Insulin-like growth factor 1 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1> :                       (022)

           "In August 2005, the FDA approved Tercica's IGF-1 drug, Increlex, as 
replacement therapy for severe primary IGF-1 deficiency based on clinical trial 
data from 71 patients."                                                             (023)





                                Lipodissolve 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipodissolve> : "One of these businesses states 
on its website that "Pharmacies are permitted to compound drugs pursuant to a 
valid patient/physician/pharmacist relationship - even if the drugs have not 
been approved by the FDA.""                                                         (024)





                                Lipodissolve 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipodissolve> :                                   
                                                                           "On 
August 31, fig. a company that manages or operates 15 medical body shaping 
centers offering the Lipodissolve procedure ((http://www.fig.com 
<http://www.fig.com> /)), filed a petition for a temporary restraining order in 
Shawnee, Kansas to prevent the ban from going into effect 
(http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/stories/2007/09/10/story15.html?b=1189396800    (025)

<http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/stories/2007/09/10/story15.html?b=1189396800>
 %5E1516650). .Fig states on their public website "Pharmacies are permitted to 
compound drugs pursuant to a valid patient/physician/pharmacist relationship - 
even if the drugs have not been approved by the FDA." 
(http://www.fig.com/mythvfact.html <http://www.fig.com/mythvfact.html> )."          (026)







                                Reverse transcriptase inhibitor 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_transcriptase_inhibitor> :                    (027)

                "Zidovudine was the first antiretroviral drug approved by the 
FDA for the treatment of HIV."                                                      (028)







                                Off-label use 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off-label_use> :                                      (029)

"However, once the FDA approves a drug for prescription use, they do not 
attempt to regulate the practice of medicine, and so the physician makes 
decisions based on her or his best judgment."                                       (030)






                                Abortion-related violence 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion-related_violence> :                          (031)

      "October 1, 2000: A Catholic priest drove his car into the Northern 
Illinois Health Clinic after learning that the FDA had approved the drug 
RU-486."                                                                            (032)






                                Eli Lilly Controversy 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli_Lilly_Controversy> : "The drug instead was 
approved by the FDA for use in the treatment of adult ADHD, which has become 
its more common use."                                                               (033)





                                Generic drug 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_drug> :                                   
                                                                           "The 
FDA must approve generic drugs just as innovator drugs must be approved."           (034)







                                Drotrecogin alfa 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drotrecogin_alfa> :                                   (035)

"The FDA approved the drug in 2001 as was the case with the drug authorities in 
many other countries."                                                              (036)






                                Approved drug 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approved_drug> :                                  
                                                                          "In 
the United States, the FDA approves drugs."                                         (037)







                                Health care in the United States 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_care_in_the_United_States> : "In addition 
there are regulatory bodies such as the FDA that identify and approve drugs for 
medical use and sale."                                                              (038)





                                Natalizumab 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalizumab> :                                        (039)

"After an intensive safety evaluation, the drug was re-approved by the FDA as a 
potentially significant advancement over existing therapies and returned to the 
marketplace under a program of restricted distribution and regular patient 
evaluations."                                                                       (040)






  -----Original Message-----
From: paola.dimaio@xxxxxxxxx [mailto:paola.dimaio@xxxxxxxxx 
<mailto:paola.dimaio@xxxxxxxxx> ]
Sent: Friday, February 15, 2008 12:19 AM
To: '[ontolog-forum]'
Subject: Re: [ontolog-forum] language ambiguity (was: Axiomatic ontology)    (041)

re. powerset, yes I have a seen a demo at ISWC in Busan Korea. The guy dId a 
search for 'fda approved drugs' and in the retrieved list there was also 
'marijuana' So we wondered if marijuana was approved, and when we clicked on it 
said 'not approved' 'it also picks up negative instanes' said the guy. hehehe.. 
there is a video somewhere on the web, unless they edited it out... On 2/15/08, 
Rob Freeman  wrote: > The most ambitious effort I know of along the lines of 
using classical > NLP to try and label the Web for meaning is the very trendy 
new Web > startup Powerset: > > http://www.powerset.com 
<http://www.powerset.com>  > > As I recall they have got funding in the area of 
$10+ M to index the > whole Web. They've bought rights to PARC's NLP 
technology. > > Are people here aware of that company? > > I have a soft spot 
for any NLP effort, but anyone who has seen my > posts here will probably 
realize I think they have got the problem > exactly the wrong way around. 
Instead of using NLP to help with > search, I think they should be using 
something like search to fix NLP > (and improve search at the same time.) > > 
But that's another story. The effort is interesting. > > -Rob > > On Thu, Feb 
14, 2008 at 7:29 PM,  wrote: > > > > > > Dear Pat, > > > > This looks somewhat 
similar to what I have seen from a couple of EC funded > > research projects I 
was a reviewer for over the last several years. There > is > > no doubt that if 
you consider this sort of thing to be a tool for computer > > assisted ontology 
development, then it can be very helpful, particularly > > where we are talking 
about extracting brute facts. However, if you are > > talking about more 
general ontology extraction, then of course the > ontolgoy > > produced is 
going to be no better than that of the document considered, > and > > there are 
the usual issues with ambiguity that computers usually struggle > > with, 
especially using words with different senses in close proximity. > > > > > > > 
> Regards > > > > Matthew West > > 
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