Thanks John (01)
I need to study the CLCE definitely, may help me fill the gap (02)
Surely I can follow the example below, but can the words be mapped to
their mathematical
representation somehwere? This would allow me to infer the maths from the words
(which I can do quickly). (03)
Anyway ll need to catch up with reading the subject (mathematical
logic) from scratch so that I enjoy the stuff on this thread a bit
more (chinese is taking up all my free time at the moment!) (04)
PDM (05)
On 3/17/07, John F. Sowa <sowa@xxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> Paola,
>
> Mathematical logic can be written in a notation that is
> almost indistinguishable from a natural language.
>
> > Language and grammar are more relevant to ontology than
> > mathematical logic.
>
> Following are two examples of CLCE (Common Logic Controlled
> English), which maps to the version of logic that Chris M.
> and several others on this list have been developing.
>
> Although CLCE can be read by anyone who can read English,
> it is not really English. It is a version of mathematical
> logic that can be automatically translated to various kinds
> of computable formats. Unrestricted English cannot be
> automatically translated to computable formats.
>
> John
> ____________________________________________________________
>
> There is an organization named 'The National Hurricane Center';
>
> In a city named 'New Orleans', in August 2005, {
>
> There is a mayor of New Orleans named Nagin;
> There is a hurricane named Katrina.
>
> On Friday, 26 August,
> The National Hurricane Center predicts
> that Katrina hits New Orleans.
>
> On Saturday,
> Mayor Nagin calls for a voluntary evacuation of the city.
>
> On Sunday,
> Mayor Nagin orders an evacuation of New Orleans.
>
> On Monday,
> Hurricane Katrina hits New Orleans;
> The hurricane causes a breech in a levee;
> Water flows through the breach;
> The water floods the city.
> }
> ____________________________________________________________
>
> /* An ontology about the managers and employees of some company. */
>
> Types:
>
> Import Act, Person, Organization, Relationship
> from "http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/sample.htm";.
>
> CEO < Manager < Employee < Person.
>
> Manage < Act.
>
> Report < Act.
>
> Company < Organization.
>
> DottedLine < Relationship.
>
> Vocabulary:
>
> Import * from "http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/sample.htm";.
>
> CEO; noun, plural -s, functional; type CEO.
>
> chief executive officer; noun, plural -s, functional; type CEO.
>
> dotted line; noun, plural -s; type DottedLine.
>
> Patterns:
>
> An employee of a company.
>
> A manager in a company.
>
> The CEO of a company.
>
> An employee works for a company.
>
> A manager manages an employee.
>
> An employee reports to an employee.
>
> An employee directly reports to a manager.
>
> /* An employee could report "by a dotted line" to a manager in */
> /* another division or to a project leader who is not a manager. */
>
> An employee reports to an employee by a dotted line.
>
> Constraints:
>
> A person works for a company,
> if and only if
> the person is an employee of the company.
>
> An employee x of a company is a manager in the company,
> if and only if
> the employee x manages another employee of the company.
>
> A manager of a company manages an employee of the company,
> if and only if
> the employee directly reports to that manager.
>
> If an employee of a company directly reports
> to a manager x in the company,
> then the employee does not directly report
> to any other manager in the company.
>
> /* The next two paragraphs are a recursive definition of "reports to" */
> /* as the transitive closure of "directly reports to". */
>
> Every employee who directly reports to a manager reports to that manager.
>
> If an employee x of a company directly reports
> to a manager y in the company,
> and the manager y reports to a manager z in the company,
> then the employee x reports to the manager z.
>
> If an employee x reports to an employee y by a dotted line,
> then the employee x reports to the employee y
> but does not directly report to y.
>
> For every company,
> exactly one manager in the company is the CEO of the company;
> every employee of the company except the CEO reports to the CEO;
> the CEO of the company does not report to any employee of the company.
>
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>
> (06)
--
--------------------------------------------
Paola Di Maio
School of IT, MFU.ac.th
-------------------------------------------- (07)
"For as long as space and time endures
may I too abide to dispel misery and ignorance" (08)
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