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Re: [ontolog-forum] [ontology-summit] Proposed RDF FHIR syntax feedback

To: "[ontolog-forum]" <ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
From: Philip Jackson <philipcjacksonjr@xxxxxxxxxxx>
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2015 12:30:14 -0400
Message-id: <SNT147-W89522C12CC9D78EDC801BFC1190@xxxxxxx>
 
A paper on Krypton (ciscussing Abox and Tbox) is also included in the book edited by Brachman and Levesque, Readings in Knowledge Representation, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. This book includes many other classic papers.
 
Phil
 

From: lobrst@xxxxxxxxx
To: ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2015 15:57:36 +0000
Subject: Re: [ontolog-forum] [ontology-summit] Proposed RDF FHIR syntax feedback

The earliest mentions of the Tbox/Abox distinction goes back at least to the days of KRYPTON and KL-ONE. I.e., circa 1983-1985. By the way, the latter is usually considered the first “description logic”. And so description logics then combined frame-based and assertional (logical) representation.

 

See:

Brachman RJ, Fikes RE, Levesque HJ (1983) KRYPTON: integrating terminology and assertion. In: Proceedings of the 3th national conference on artificial intelligence (AAAI'83), pp 31-35. http://aaaipress.org/Papers/AAAI/1983/AAAI83-005.pdf.

 

Also see the following reference, for a range of emerging systems of the time, including description logic systems:

 

Special Issue on Implemented Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Systems, SIGART Bulletin Volume 2, Number 3, June, 1991.  Note: This issue is always cited by everyone and remains the best single issue of  the SIGART Bulletin ever, if you ask me, and is still useful; contains papers on every major KR system, including the description logics of the time: KRIS, LOOM, CLASSIC, BACK, Algernon, RHET, K-Rep, TELOS and the LILOG KR system.

 

Thanks,

Leo

 

From: ontolog-forum-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:ontolog-forum-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of John Bottoms
Sent: Wednesday, March 11, 2015 10:40 AM
To: ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: Re: [ontolog-forum] [ontology-summit] Proposed RDF FHIR syntax feedback

 

JohnS, et al,

I got interested in the origin of the ABox/TBox and went to wikipedia. In the process I discovered how much CS has surrendered to industry.

On Wikipedia there is a brief nod to DL on the origins of the terms. The earliest reference does not mention ABox/TBOx and the bulk of the references are 5 to 10 years after the earliest reference. Most of the references immediately jump to a particular language or implementation. The theory is little discussed. The page is commented by a community editor as lacking in true references.


It may be that the notion of "TheBoxes" has diminished in the face of Design Patterns, and more specifically of containers and ontological notation. I don't understand why these particular data structures are not included with well known data structures. In my recent work I have segregated this discussions into layers and the layer for containers is referred to as syntactic while the labels of containers, the slot names, are identified as semantics. This is more in line with Dijkstra's layered architecture of "T.H.E. Machine".

Given that the Wikipedia page discusses ABox and TBox, I'm not convinced that that the definition is sufficient. It says, "TBox statements describe a conceptualization, a set of concepts and properties for these concepts" and "Together ABox and TBox statements make up a knowledge base". Is this sufficient? Further, there is no discussion of the data types within these Boxes.

I still lean toward the community development of a lexicon and a basic slot structure and related jargon. Presently, there are several definitions of "ontology" and some are insufficient.

I still don't know who coined the terms ABox and TBox.

-John Bottoms
 FirstStar Systems
 Concord, MA USA


On 3/10/2015 2:54 PM, John F Sowa wrote:

On 3/10/2015 1:31 PM, Simon Spero wrote:
There are also named individuals that can appear in the T-Box - SH_O_IN(D).
 
There are some privileged individuals, such as the earth and the sun,
which are essential for defining geographical coordinates, times, days,
nights, etc.  For any country X, it's impossible to specify the laws
of X without referring to X and some named entities in X.  And for any
business Y, the business types and rules used for Y will normally make
many references to Y and some named entities in Y.
 
There can also be anonymous individuals as annotation values. (This
triggered a horrible bug in the OWLAPI when used  with punning.)
 
Yes.  And my major complaint about OWL is that it should be called
*An* Ontology Language, not *The* Ontology Language.  Some things we
know about the currently popular languages:  (a) they have changed
considerably over the past 10 years, (b) they will change even more
over the next 10 years, and (c) there are and will be many more
languages that will have to interoperate with them.
 
For some perspective on the history of interoperable systems and
proposed standards for them, see http://www.jfsowa.com/ikl
 
General principle:  Flexible guidelines for ontology design are
useful.  But rigid standards will be obsolete as soon as they're
written.  I agree with the comments below by Pat Hayes.
 
John
 
-----Original Message-----
From: Pat Hayes [mailto:phayes@xxxxxxx]
Sent: Sunday, March 08, 2015 2:31 PM
To: Anthony Mallia
Cc: David Booth; public-semweb-lifesci@xxxxxx; HL7 ITS
Subject: Re: Proposed RDF FHIR syntax feedback
 
Comments in-line:
 
On Mar 8, 2015, at 9:00 AM, Anthony Mallia <amallia@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
 
 > David,
 
 > I believe that this is an important aspect to distinguish between the 
type or TBox and the instance or ABox. A simple justification is that 
they come from different authorities (and end points) - HL7 or an EHR 
system.
 
If there is any other reason to distinguish them, please list as many of 
them as you can. If this is the only reason, I would strongly suggest 
that it is not a sufficient reason for introducing this rigid 
distinction into the foundation. It would be better to provide a 
mechanism to allow the kind of originating authority to be specified 
explicitly. The question to ask is, what utility in actual processing 
will arise from having this distinction rigidly enforced? The problems 
it (artificially) introduces is that it makes most OWL2 ontologies 
unclassifiable, since many of them contain both class and instance data: 
in fact, OWL2 punning makes this very distinction rather hard to detect, 
since a class in OWL 2 may itself be an instance; and it forces users to 
make a needless classification decision which may give rise to errors 
and difficulties in processing.
 
 > However I would strongly recommend that we DO NOT REDEFINE Ontology 
from its definition in the W3C specs - this will cause major confusion.
 
 > Here is the extract from OWL2:
 > "OWL 2 ontologies provide classes, properties, individuals, and data 
values and are stored as Semantic Web documents. OWL 2 ontologies can be 
used along with information written in RDF, and OWL 2 ontologies 
themselves are primarily exchanged as RDF documents."
 
That defines an OWL2 ontology. If you are planning to use other 
representation languages, I would suggest adopting a wider definition of 
the bare concept of 'ontology'. By the way, this topic - how to define 
'ontology' - was discussed in depth for a year in the Ontolog forum. I 
recommend reading 
http://ontolog.cim3.net/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?OntologySummit2007_Communique 
and the surrounding discussions before coming to a decision.
 
 > So I am recommending two subtypes of Ontology :
 > INSTANCE ONTOLOGY (INSTANCE for short) contains Individuals, their 
Property assertions and their data values but may refer to contents of 
MODEL(s)
 
I think you mean it contains individual *names*, right?
 
When you say 'may refer to', what distinction are you making between 
'refer to' and 'contain'? Do you mean it will not contain the 
*definitions* of the classes, etc.? But there is no concept of 
'definition' in the RDF/OWL world.
 
 > MODEL ONTOLOGY (MODEL for short) contains Classes, ObjectProperties, 
DataProperties and Datatypes
 
And what will you do with something which contains large amounts of 
instance data, described using a mixture of vocabulary from a number of 
other ontologies and a small number of class and property definitions 
local to it? Because this is, if anything, the normal situation in 
Web-based ontology work.
 
 > INSTANCE and MODEL are disjoint
 
Which, if enforced, is going to create errors and blocks to processing 
for no functional reason. Why do this? It is a bad design decision to 
introduce distinctions that have no utility other than to be enforced 
and generate error messages. If this is a genuine type distinction, then 
you should be able to say what reasons there are for a processor to know 
what type an ontology is. How will an INSTANCE be processed differently 
from a MODEL?
 
 > but there can be Ontologies (neither of these subtypes) which combine 
them through merge or import and would be used for reasoning.
 > It should not be necessary to separate these two by MIME type - they 
will be handled quite differently e.g. import statements will know 
exactly what they are trying to do.
 
importing is completely transparent to this distinction. Both of them 
(and any hybrids) will be imported in the same way using the same 
mechanisms. This is part of the RDF/OWL design.
 
Pat Hayes
 
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