Most English verbs have noun counterparts that mean instances of the verb. For example:
employs and employment
marries and marriage
wins and winning
signs and signing
(and gerunds in general)
The nouns (e.g. employment, marriage, …) can be thought of concepts whose extensions contain all the instances of the corresponding verbs, with the roles of those verbs filled by existential quantification. For example, a law might be written to apply to “each marriage”, meaning each case of “some person marries some (other) person”. These noun concepts may have relationships to other concepts, such as dates, locations and the roles that participate in the nouns. So one could write propositions with respect to individual cases, such as “if personA marries personB in Kansas, …..” One could also write propositions with respect to the general case “if some marriage is in Kansas, ….”
In the Date-Time Vocabulary effort, we were interested in the relationship of examples like these to time. In our mapping to CL/IKL, we needed the “that” operator to model these relationships. I gave examples of how I imagine doing this, in another email.
John Sowa discusses semantic capabilities similar to “that” in some of his work, including historical background. Other than IKL and Sowa, I am unaware of any other semantic formalism with a “that” operator. My points are (a) that I wish SBVR had a better formal semantic foundation; and (b) I believe something like “that” is absolutely necessary to effectively capture these aspects of English.
Mark
-----Original Message-----
From: Pat Hayes [mailto:phayes@xxxxxxx]
Sent: Sunday, June 15, 2014 11:21 PM
To: Mark H Linehan
Cc: [ontolog-forum]
Subject: Re: [ontolog-forum] Requesting Opinions on the Benefits of Predicates as Nodes
On Jun 15, 2014, at 7:22 AM, Mark H Linehan <mhl@xxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> I WISH that the SBVR designers had chosen to define it in terms of a
> system with a sound semantic basis, such as CL/IKL. But they that did
> not do that, and show no signs of upgrading their approach. Ed and I
> and the Date-Time Vocabulary (DTV) team chose to define key aspects of
> DTV in CL + IKL, and in UML + OCL, partly to ensure a firm semantic foundation for our work.
>
> What I meant is that the "that" operator (in whatever semantic system
> /
> language)
As we invented the "that" operator and its semantics (see http://www.ihmc.us/users/phayes/IKL/SPEC/SPEC.html) from whole cloth in order to create IKL, and AFAIK it has not been used in any other formalism in the entire history of formal logic, I have no idea what you think it might mean in some other semantic system/language.
You apparently believe that this operator has a meaning that transcends IKL and can be extended to other notations. Can you succinctly state what you believe this meaning to be?
Pat Hayes
> is necessary for adequately capturing important aspects of real
> business rules and vocabularies.
>
> Mark
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: ontolog-forum-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
> [mailto:ontolog-forum-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of John F
> Sowa
> Sent: Friday, June 13, 2014 10:49 PM
> To: ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
> Subject: Re: [ontolog-forum] Requesting Opinions on the Benefits of
> Predicates as Nodes
>
> On 6/13/2014 9:18 PM, Mark H Linehan wrote:
>> Net: the IKL "that" operator is key to addressing a requirement that
>> arises in modeling real business vocabularies and rules.
>
> I'm happy to hear that.
>
> But I'm not sure what you mean by "is key". Do you mean that the SBVR
> designers/implementers have been using, plan to use, or might consider
> using IKL as the logical foundation for SBVR?
>
> John
>
>
>
>
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