For another example, a chemist could plausibly treat each element as an
individual. In geospatial ontologies, a point location is often regarded as an
individual. (01)
Pat (02)
On Dec 10, 2012, at 12:25 PM, John F Sowa wrote: (03)
> Sandro and Alex,
>
> To be general, an ontology would emphasize types rather than
> specific individuals. But there are many categories that
> contain unique individuals that must be considered.
>
> SRF
>> There is a question we have been discussing in our group for
>> a long time, and we would be glad to have your opinions on it:
>> Can ontologies really contain individuals?
>
> AS
>> But even [in general theories], there are a lot of individuals
>> for ex. in arithmetic (0, 1...).
>
> Yes But there are other reasons for distinguishing special cases.
> Astronomy, for example, makes a special case for one star: our sun.
>
> Geographical information systems make a special case for one particular
> planet: earth, its continents and coordinates. The earth's moon is
> also treated as a special individual.
>
> Legal systems are always specific to one particular country, and they
> also have to distinguish changes over time. The subdivisions of each
> country may also have legal systems that have quite a bit of divergence.
>
> As another example, the kilogram is defined in terms of one specific
> individual: a cylinder of platinum-iridium stored in a vault in France.
> There are recommendations to redefine the kg in terms of Planck's
> constant, but no official decision has been made.
>
> John
>
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