A bit more to add to the discussion of "models", a "model" may have several,
likely overlapping, purposes: (01)
Inquiry (Inquisitive): Discovering and learning the features, components, and
workings of an observed phenomena (i.e., the subject of the model). Building
the model is itself often an inquiry process. The objective is to learn about
the subject of the model. (02)
Analysis (Descriptive): Understanding the possible internal working and
external behaviors of the phenomena that is the subject of the model. (03)
Prediction (Predictive): Understanding the behaviors of a phenomena in order to
forecast or predict future behaviors of the phenomena. (04)
Conveyance of Knowledge (Informative): The transmission of the understanding of
a phenomena from one person to another. Encompasses "reporting" function. (05)
Specification and Control (Prescriptive): The declaration of what and how a
phenomena is to be realized or manifested. (06)
Representation and Display (Representative): A simulation, replica, or copy of
phenomena for entertainment, visualization, guidance, or testing. (07)
Bill (08)
_________________ (09)
William C. Burkett Associate (010)
Booz | Allen | Hamilton (011)
121 S Tejon St # 900 | Suite 900 South Tower | Colorado Springs, CO, 80903 (012)
T: 719-387-6452 | M: 310-318-5500 | F: 719-387-2020 (013)
burkett_william@xxxxxxx (014)
-----Original Message-----
From: ontolog-forum-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
[mailto:ontolog-forum-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of John F Sowa
Sent: Friday, July 13, 2012 7:07 AM
To: ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: [External] Re: [ontolog-forum] The class of the planet Venus (015)
Ed, Chris, Pat, and Leo, (016)
EB
> I think I was misled by John's terminology "model of the world".
>
> I fully agree that the semantic model for a logic language is a set of
> things in the "world of interest".
> And if what John meant by a "model of the world" is a collection of
> things and states taken to be a domain of discourse, then I withdraw
> my complaint. (017)
I intended to use the word 'model' in that broader sense. (018)
CM
> there are two very different notions of "model" in the general KR
> community (in which I include the ontology community), one coming out
> of mathematical logic and the other coming out of engineering... (019)
PH
> And the latter sense is much more widely understood than the former,
> by about three or four orders of magnitude. Which is why I avoided
> using the word entirely when writing the RDF semantics specs, and used
> the circumlocution "satisfying interpretation" for the logical sense
> of "model". (020)
I agree with both of those comments. But I'd like to mention an article by
Carl Adam Petri (of Petri-net fame), who emphasized the commonality: (021)
Petri, Carl Adam (1977) Modelling as a communication discipline, in H. Beilner
& E. Gelenbe, eds., _Meaning, Modelling, and Evaluating Computer Systems_,
Amsterdam: North-Holland, 435-449. (022)
He observed that when you say X is a model for Y, that means X has some
structural similarity Z to an important aspect of Y. (023)
If you consider all three components -- X, Y, Z -- an engineering model and a
Tarski-style model have a fundamental similarity: (024)
1. Each one has a text in some language that states the important
aspect Z: engineering spec's or axioms of some theory. (025)
2. Each one follows the text Z to construct a model X using
appropriate resources: an engineering model constructed from
physical material or a mathematical model constructed from sets.
But with modern computers, the engineering models are also
mathematical. They just use a wider range of mathematics. (026)
3. The purpose of the model is to simulate or describe an intended
subject Y, which may be something that exists in the physical
world or it may be some hypothetical or future construction. (027)
Leo
> ... something that was shown to be very important during Ontology
> Summit 2012, which is the distinction between
> specification/design/model and eventual artifact. (028)
Yes. In Tarski-style model theory, the applications to the world (present or
future) are often ignored. But engineers are strongly focused on the
applications. (029)
PH
> See above. We don't have to use the term [model] at all. (030)
I agree. But I would also point out that an engineering model can be
considered an interpretation of the specifications. (031)
And in the interests of full disclosure, I must admit that I have an ulterior
motive: I have also been using the word 'model' for the "mental models" that
the cognitive scientists and neuroscientists have been talking about. (032)
That same triad of text Z, mental model X, and subject Y arises in cog. sci.
But that's another issue to be avoided when talking to people who have a day
job they're working on. (033)
John (034)
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