Pat Cassidy wrote: (01)
> Just one question on a point raised:
>
>>
>> IJ> All experimental methods that measure forces rely on Newton's
>> > second law, F = m x a.
>>
>> I'll certainly accept that.
>>
> Forces can cause a spring to compress (not just under gravity), beams to
> bend, gases to compress, piezoelectric crystals to produce a voltage
> differential, bones to break, and people to say "ouch". Any of these
> phenomena (except perhaps the last) can be used to measure a force. I
> think
> that 'force' is a concept that means a lot more than just "ma", and also
> happens to be directly experienced by many sentient animals. (02)
I thought it was clear that my remarks only were about strictly physical
force measurements, not about "experienced forces". And with respect to
forces in physics, I think it holds true that somewhere in the theoretical
dependence line for a force measurement, Newton's second law pops up. (03)
Ingvar (04)
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