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[ontolog-forum] Computer science ontology vs. philosophical ontology aga

To: "[ontolog-forum]" <ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
From: Avril Styrman <Avril.Styrman@xxxxxxxxxxx>
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 2013 17:02:28 +0300
Message-id: <20131024170228.Horde.wEVEJ4meRCwcwEpbtbbKsw2.astyrman@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Dear all,    (01)

I was wondering whether the members of this forum have got any benefit  
from linguistic philosophy in automated natural language processing,  
and how? As many of you know, analytical philosophy has concentrated  
largely on the structure of language since the early 20th century. A  
clarifying dichotomy can be made into: (a) elements that are  
necessarily present in the investigation of the concrete nature  
(physics, biology, chemistry, etc.); (b) elements that are present in  
the investigation of language, but not in type (a) investigation,  
i.e., merely linguistic elements. While the identification of type (a)  
elements may help the natural scientists, they don’t get a lot out of  
type (b) elements. This drove me to ask: who in fact gets benefit from  
the investigation of type (b) elements? Examples of type (b) elements  
follow, with explanations of why they are insufficient in type (a)  
investigation.    (02)

(1) Class nominalism: the meaning of property P is that a particular  
that has property P belongs to class P. That a red particular belongs  
to class red really does not help the natural scientist in  
understanding what redness means. However, the appeal of class  
nominalism becomes less mysterious when it is understood that it is a  
linguistics-driven theory. For instance, suppose that the following  
algorithm is applied to all phrases in a book: place all words x in  
phrases of the form “x is red” into class red. When we order the  
computer to list all red objects, the computer lists all members of  
the class red. This is useful in the linguistic sense, but  
over-propagating the class approach is not practical, as Putnam  
testifies: “Let us, then, keep our properties, while not in any way  
despising the useful work performed for us by our classes!”    (03)

(2) Ontology of properties that aims to get by with simple properties  
that have no parts. That the property methane is simple, really does  
not help the natural scientist in understanding what methane means:  
all natural scientists accept that methane has proper parts. However,  
when we ask the computer “Is there methane in the swamp?” answering  
“yes” based on an automated internet query does not require any appeal  
to the structure of methane molecules.    (04)

And so forth. Philosophical papers don’t usually explicitly state that  
they are involved with only linguistic philosophy. But understanding  
whether the paper is about (a) or (b) clarifies things a lot. Then  
again, type (b) investigation naturally should benefit someone, and it  
should be possible to also explain how does it in fact contribute to  
some science, directly or indirectly. If it contributes to automated  
natural language processing, then maybe linguistic philosophy should  
be moved into the department of general linguistics, where it competes  
with the correct competitors.    (05)


Any comments? Does anyone know how the contemporary linguistic  
philosophy contributes to automated natural language understanding?    (06)

Avril
Ystävällisin terveisin,    (07)

Avril Styrman
avril.styrman@xxxxxxxxxxx
puh. +358 40 7000 589    (08)


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