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Dear Hassan, Duane, John and Leo,
[HAK] "Mathematical Equations as Executable Models of Mechanical Systems",
by Yun Zhu, Edwin Westbrook, Jun Inoue, Alexandre Chapoutot, Cherif Salama, Marisa Peralta, Travis Martin, Walid Taha, Marcia O’Malley, Robert Cartwright, Aaron Ames, and Raktim Bhattacharya.
Here's a link to the paper - which I really enjoyed (from Walid Taha's page at Rice U.): http://dl.dropbox.com/u/17132045/p/publications/conference/iccps10.pdf
This looks very interesting and along the lines of what I'm looking for. Thank you!
[DN] To add to this, you might want to peruse some of David Luckham's work on
CEP. While your work sounds more object based, his is concerned with
complex event processing. Nevertheless, some of the patterns may appear
similar.
It's been a while since I looked at that work. And not from this perspective. I'll take another closer look. Thanks.
JFS
Type "hybrid reasoning" (with quotes) to Google. That produces 40,700
hits. One of the top hits is the KRYPTON system by Brachman, Gilbert,
and Levesque, which popularized the term 'hybrid' and the terms T-Box
and A-Box.
... Cyc is probably the largest hybrid system, but they don't use the word
'hybrid'. ...
KQML (Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language) was designed to support
such things.
...
Marvin Minsky proposed multiple interacting modules (or agents) in
his Society of Mind book in 1986. I cited that book in a paper
I published in 2002:
Yes, I'm familiar with all you list above... I was dissatisfied with the results to "hybrid reasoning", hence the query to ontolog. I explicitly mentioned the blackboard approaches. Cyc does interesting work, but publishes papers that don't really say much. Minsky's and your work have been very influential, but again not directly addressing the question at hand.
JFS: The OntoIop project, which uses the Hets tools among other things,
might support something like that. A semantic contract may be useful
for some applications. But such methods are too static to support
the kind of highly flexible and dynamic reasoning needed for a truly
intelligent system.
It all depends on the application at hand though... Perhaps though I should revisit my question from the lens of institution theory.
JFS: My personal preference for relating a multiplicity of heterogeneous
theories is to use a very expressive logic (such as Common Logic)
as an umbrella that covers everything. Then I relate all the
theories in a lattice. I discussed that approach in my KR book
in 2000, and I summarize it in slides 51 to 61 of
http://www.jfsowa.com/talks/dynolang.pdf
I'm in the process of expanding these slides in a forthcoming paper.
I look forward to it.
JFS: Every practical reasoning system since the 1970s has done that.
They call a computational module a "procedural attachment", and Google
will give you 173,000 hits for that term. The more formal systems
define the preconditions and postconditions for each procedure so that
the reasoner can, if necessary, reason about them. Mathematica is very
good at mixing symbolic reasoning with computation.
Ah, this phrasing has led to some useful papers.
LO: I’m not sure this will help, but we’ll see.
Always appreciate your input Leo, thanks for taking the time.
I think sometimes this is called heterogeneous reasoning or sometimes hybrid knowledge representation and reasoning. There are a couple of strands, some from
AI or closely related cognitive science.
Both have broad interpretations. It's been difficult to find papers which discus the model theoretic implications of I guess what amounts to procedural attachment.
Johnson-Laird, P. N. 2006. Models and heterogeneous reasoning. Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 18, No. 2, June 2006, 121–148.
http://mentalmodels.princeton.edu/papers/2007hetreasoning.pdf.
An old friend of mine, Mark Graves, did a PhD back in 1993 under Bill Rounds at U Michigan on pre-ontology application-specific knowledge base development and
reasoning methods, perhaps superseded by subsequent research now:
Graves, Mark. 1993. Theories and Tools for Designing Application-Specific Knowledge Base Data Models. PhD, University of Michigan. http://www.healsci.org/people/mgraves/pubs/diss.pdf.
Also, I recall that Barwise and Etchemendy did some work that followed on from their Tarski’s World work in the 1990s, that focused on reasoning methods. But
I don’t remember the papers.
You can also perhaps think of your question as a kind of a factoring or global analyzing knowledge compiler, in which case you should look at the literature
on knowledge compilation. We had a local proposal to do some distributed reasoning and knowledge compilation research in 1999, but it never got funded. It was along the lines of subsequent research:
Eyal, Amir, and Sheila McIlraith. 2000a. Improving the Efficiency of Reasoning Through Structure-Based Reformulation. Proceedings of the Symposium on Abstraction,
Reformulation, and Approximation (SARA2000). Published by Springer-Verlag in Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, vol. 1864. Lake LBJ, Texas. July 2000.
Eyal, Amir, and Sheila McIlraith. 2000b. Partition-Based Logical Reasoning. Proceedings of the Sthemath International Conference on Principles of Knowledge
Representation and Reasoning (KR2000). Breckenridge, Colorado, USA. April 12-15, 2000: 389-400. ftp://ftp.ksl.stanford.edu/pub/KSL_Reports/KSL-00-02.ps
Eyal, Amir, and Sheila McIlraith. 2005. Partition-based logical reasoning for first-order and propositional theories. Artificial Intelligence, Volume 162 ,
Issue 1-2 (February 2005). Special volume on reformulation, pp. 49 – 88. See the AI special issue on reformulation: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%235617%232005%23998379998%23551202%23FLP%23&_cdi=5617&_pubType=J&_auth=y&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=195c8e553ef6dce8c9b911bfd40eca0a.
I’m not sure this will help, but I hope it does.
Thank you for the links (some broken). Exactly along the lines for what I was looking for.
Best, Ali
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