Hi Pat, (01)
In particular in reference to exclusions in a particular ontology. Associations
between topics, or the lack of them for a given topic map applied to a specific
ontology. Furthermore in relation to context, where scope and the themes
associate with a scope help filter the ontology. (02)
All the best,
York. (03)
----- Original Message ----
From: Pat Hayes <phayes@xxxxxxx>
To: [ontolog-forum] <ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Sent: Thursday, 17 January, 2008 4:26:49 PM
Subject: Re: [ontolog-forum] (OT) German (04)
At 5:22 AM -0800 1/17/08, york earwaker wrote:
>see: Pepper, Steve: The TAO of Topic Maps:
>Finding the Way in the Age of Infoglut,
>http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/tao.html (05)
Yes, Ive read it, of course. I fail to see how it
is relevant, can you give some guidance? (06)
>All the best,
>York.
>
>----- Original Message ----
>From: Pat Hayes <phayes@xxxxxxx>
>To: [ontolog-forum] <ontolog-forum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
>Sent: Friday, 11 January, 2008 4:57:35 PM
>Subject: Re: [ontolog-forum] (OT) German
>
>At 4:03 PM -0500 1/8/08, Stavros Macrakis wrote:
>>On Jan 8, 2008 2:34 PM, Duane Nickull
>><<mailto:dnickull@xxxxxxxxx>dnickull@xxxxxxxxx>
>>wrote:
>>
>>It was meant to be funny however a hippo is
>>still quite a different beast from the horse.
>>
>>
>>Let me try to save this discussion from utter triviality.
>>
>>Lakoff has pointed out
>
>And many others have disagreed with him. Just a warning note.
>
>> the centrality of metaphor, analogy, and graded
>>categories in natural language, contrasting them
>>with the property-based strict categories of
>>Aristotle. The female biological and genetic
>>parent who lives with and cares for a child, is
>>its legal parent, and is married to and lives
>>with and its biological and genetic father is
>>certainly a "mother" in every traditional way,
>>but how do we deal with cases like adoptive
>>mothers (cares for but not biological), foster
>>mothers (cares for but not legal parent),
>>lesbian co-mothers (one of whom may or may not
>>be a genetic or biological parent), surrogate
>>mothers (biological but not genetic), egg donors
>>(why don't we use the word "mother" here?),
>>stepmothers (married to father), birth mothers
>>(biological but doesn't care for or live with),
>>transgendered adoptive mother (not genetically
>>female), etc.? The intersection of the
>>properties of these different kinds of "mother"
>>is empty.
>
>Excellent example of why it is better, when
>trying to do ontology, to think about what is
>being decribed, ie what there is, ie do ONTOLOGY,
>rather than linguistics or conceptual analysis.
>That is, to describe the relationships in the
>world, rather than try to conform to some
>structure inferred from the use of words in the
>surface of NL. Your account above gives very
>strong hints as to what the relevant
>relationships here are: being a biological parent
>of, being a guardian of, being a legal parent of,
>being female, playing a female role, being
>married to, etc.. To cover all the possibilities
>you describe evidently requires some care in
>choosing these and some more care in describing
>their relationships: an adequate ontology for
>'mother' in all its complexity will be quite
>intricate. Far too intricate to expect that one
>will be able to take an ontology for 'normal
>mother' and simply apply an ontology modifier to
>it to get the right ontology for, say, adoptive
>mother. (Or at any rate, the description of such
>an ontology modifier would be best tackled after
>the basic ontology work is already done.)
>
>>
>>How to treat these in an ontology?
>>
>>-- with exceptions? "A foster mother is a mother except that ...."
>
>I doubt this will work, though Cyc have claimed
>some success with 'microtheory mappings' of this
>kind. The mappings have to be able to perform
>quite complex operations of the ontologies,
>though: simple default-overriders are not
>adequate.
>
>>-- with limited analogy? "A foster mother is
>>like a generic mother in that X and Y are true"
>
>That sound like part of an ontology of
>'likeness'. Why do you need this? If you do, then
>using analogy/metaphoric mappings (such as those
>found by 'structure mapping') is likely a better
>bet than trying to incorporate it into the basic
>ontology.
>
>>-- as arbitrary names for otherwise arbitrary
>>categories? "A foster-mother is like a mother
>>because she happens to share some properties
>>with a mother (just as a father shares some
>>properties with a mother), but also shares the
>>substring 'mother' in the category name."
>
>Again, why do you need this?
>
>>-- with graded membership? "A foster mother is
>>50% mother." (not clear what sort of reasoning
>>you can do on this...)
>
>Blech. Fuzzy logic, anyone?
>
>>
>>And how do you characterize the modifier "foster" or "step" or "adoptive"?
>
>You don't, see above. The purpose is not to
>account for the complexities of English, remember.
>
>Pat
>
>>
>> -s
>>
>>
>>
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