hi all (01)
why don't we have the "Society of Mind" as Internet Platform yet, running
with real money ? Just add language and pragmatic identifiers to Amazon
Mechanical Turk. Let those identifiers be extendable by the community.
It's probably a bit more complicated but it seems feasible. A strong AI will
not pop up immediately and maybe not at all but interesting things could
happen. All this talk about agents has been going on for decades but still
there is no common platform for them. Where is the problem ? (02)
Regards, (03)
Michael Brunnbauer (04)
On Tue, Sep 18, 2012 at 09:37:06AM -0400, William Frank wrote:
> Two Paradigms Are Better Than One,
> And Multiple Paradigms Are Even Better
>
> Arun K. Majumdar and John F. Sowa
>
> Extract from Abstract:
>
> "The most
> difficult problem is to enable multiple heterogeneous agents, acting
> independently, to produce the effect of a single mind with a unified
> personality that can pursue and accomplish coherent goals. This article
> discusses ways of organizing a society of heterogeneous agents as an
> integrated system with flexible methods of reasoning, learning, and
> language processing."
>
> This is just terrific.
>
> Here we have the problem phrased in a way that applies as well to groups of
> people as to computers.
>
> While AI is trying to get computers to act more like people, most
> traditional corporations are still trying to get people, at least people
> who produce software, to act more like simple computers.
>
>
>
>
> On Tue, Sep 18, 2012 at 9:03 AM, John F Sowa <sowa@xxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
>
> > There have been many short articles about Watson that discussed some
> > details, but they didn't give a clear picture about how the details fit
> > together. I recently came across a one-hour talk by Chris Welty that
> > contained more technical material about the overall organization:
> >
> > http://videolectures.net/eswc2012_welty_watson/
> >
> > The first 12 minutes give a rehash about the Jeopardy game. You can
> > skip that by clicking on the list of slides to the right of the video
> > screen. Start the video and click on the following line:
> >
> > 12:11 Welty's Trident
> >
> > I have some qualifications about what Welty says in that slide,
> > but I strongly agree with his point that you need to have multiple
> > paradigms and a learning method for choosing among the possibly
> > conflicting information that comes back. The crucial discussion
> > is about the following slide:
> >
> > 15:12 A new software paradigm is emerging
> >
> > In the next 20 minutes, Welty presents the details about how
> > Watson generates multiple hypotheses about possible answers,
> > evaluates each answer on a large number of dimensions (features),
> > and uses a perceptron algorithm to learn how to weight the
> > features to get a combined measure of confidence in the answer.
> >
> > For comparison, I'd like to mention an article written by
> > Arun Majumdar and me, entitled "Two Paradigms Are Better Than One,
> > and Multiple Paradigms Are Even Better" (abstract and URL below).
> >
> > That article cites Marvin Minsky's _Society of Mind_ as an
> > inspiration. I agree with Welty on those points where he agrees
> > with Minsky: the need for heterogeneous methods, some way to
> > evaluate the results of different methods, and learning methods
> > to determine which one(s) are appropriate to a particular task.
> >
> > But where I disagree with Welty is on the level of granularity.
> > Minsky emphasizes that the Mind (or brain) has heterogeneous modules
> > that operate at every level of granularity. But the Watson learning
> > methods are applied at much larger granules. In the article below,
> > we emphasize the use of heterogeneous methods for analyzing and
> > interpreting language at every level of detail.
> >
> > For further discussion of related issues, see the compendium
> > of slides in http://www.jfsowa.com/talks/goal.pdf
> >
> > John
> > _________________________________________________________________
> >
> > Source: http://www.jfsowa.com/pubs/paradigm.pdf
> >
> > Two Paradigms Are Better Than One,
> > And Multiple Paradigms Are Even Better
> >
> > Arun K. Majumdar and John F. Sowa
> >
> > Abstract. During the past half century, the field of artificial
> > intelligence has developed a large number of theories, paradigms,
> > technologies, and tools. Many AI systems are based on one dominant
> > paradigm with a few subsidiary modules for handling exceptions or
> > special cases. Some systems are built from components that perform
> > different tasks, but each component is based on a single paradigm.
> > Since people freely switch from one method of thinking or reasoning
> > to another, some cognitive scientists believe that the ability to
> > integrate multiple methods of reasoning is key to human-like
> > flexibility.
> >
> > In his book _The Society of Mind_, Minsky (1986) presented an
> > architecture for intelligence based on a society of heterogeneous
> > agents that use different reasoning methods to solve different
> > problems or different aspects of the same problem. That idea is
> > intriguing, but it raises many serious issues: how to coordinate
> > multiple agents, distribute tasks among them, evaluate their results,
> > encourage agents that consistently produce good results, inhibit
> > agents that produce misleading, irrelevant, or unfruitful results,
> > and integrate all the results into a coherent response. The most
> > difficult problem is to enable multiple heterogeneous agents, acting
> > independently, to produce the effect of a single mind with a unified
> > personality that can pursue and accomplish coherent goals. This article
> > discusses ways of organizing a society of heterogeneous agents as an
> > integrated system with flexible methods of reasoning, learning, and
> > language processing.
> >
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> >
>
>
> --
> William Frank
>
> 413/376-8167
>
>
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