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Re: [health-ont] Comments on Time concepts in HL7

To: "[health-ont]" <health-ont@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
From: Peter Yim <peter.yim@xxxxxxxx>
Date: Thu, 10 Feb 2005 17:48:27 -0800
Message-id: <420C0EEB.7000309@xxxxxxxx>
Great work, Pat.    (01)

A small question ... under the last section: 
"DataTypePointInTime", the "PQ" you have there on the first and 
last line, what does it stand for?    (02)

Tx.  -ppy
--    (03)

Patrick Cassidy wrote Thu, 10 Feb 2005 13:47:58 -0500:
> An initial attempt was made to review time-related concepts in HL7 to
> determine how they might map to concepts in an upper ontology.
> Some initial comments are attached as a WinWord file and also appended as
> text.  There are additional time-related concepts in HL7, and in particular
> relations of time to other concepts.  These will be reviewed as time
> permits, or if others request further discussion.
> 
>   Pat    (04)

> Patrick Cassidy
> MITRE Corporation
> W903 Information Discovery & Understanding
> 7515 Colshire Drive
> McLean, VA 22102-7508
> Phone: 703-883-8976
> (Eatontown: 732-578-6340)
> Fax: 703-883-1379
> Email: pcassidy@xxxxxxxxx
> Mail Stop: MNJE
> 
> 
> =====================================    (05)

> Considerations for aligning HL7 Time concepts with an upper ontology    (06)

> As part of the Ontolog group participation in discussion of the National
> Health Information Network RFI, we are providing information on how
> ontologies can assist in enabling the interoperability of patient health
> records.  At this point, we are focused on how existing and prospective
> health domain ontologies and taxonomies can be aligned with upper ontologies
> to improve the accuracy of conceptual information transfer among systems
> using different domain knowledge representations.    (07)

> For this facet of that task, my immediate focus will be to determine how the
> representations of time in the HL7 terminology may be related to similar
> concepts in an upper ontology.    (08)

> HL7 Information Request    (09)

> I have looked at the lists of data types in the html files of the current
> HL7 Reference Model.  I also found some definitions of the types in the XML
> files.  However, I have found only a few files related to the relations
> between concepts.  I would appreciate help from anyone who can point me to
> the locations of a comprehensive list of the relations that are defined
> between concepts within the HL7 system.  In particular, I can't find
> anything describing the relations between time intervals, time points, or
> events that may be specified as taking place at a particular time.    (010)

> There are a few additional questions I have:    (011)

> Regarding the term "DataType": is this intended to mean that the Type labels
> used here may be attached to field designators in documents, such as in
> XML-tagged documents?  Or are these intended merely as general terms for
> concepts?  Or both?    (012)

> DataValue: can a data value be qualitative (e.g. color)?  I could not find
> color in the classification.  Where is that located?    (013)

> In examining the files I can find in HL7, there is one issue regarding the
> classification of Time data types that can be discussed with the information
> I currently have.  That issue is discussed below.  If anyone has additional
> information relating to there concepts in HL7, or if I have misinterpreted
> the intended meanings of these concepts, please send me a note
> (cassidy@xxxxxxxxx) or send a note to this list.    (014)


> Time Representation
> -------------------------    (015)

> General comments on time representation:
>    In order to represent time so as to be broadly compatible with many
> different databases, it is necessary to make at least the following
> distinctions:    (016)

> (1) Specific calendar times such as 12:00 Noon GMT on Feb. 5, 2005 need to
> be distinguished from a specific quantity of time, such as 20 minutes.    (017)

> (2) A relation between time points of before and after needs to be defined.    (018)

> (3) Relations between specific time intervals, such as coinciding,
> overlapping, or before/after, need to be defined.    (019)

> (4) Recurring time intervals, such as days of the week or months of the
> year, need to be distinguished from time points, specific time intervals,
> and quantities of time.    (020)


> Time Representation in HL7    (021)

> Within the HL7 data types the following (selected) portion of the taxonomy
> was noted:    (022)

> DataTypeDataValue
> DataTypeInterval
>    DataTypeIntervalOfPhysicalQuantities 
>    DataTypeIntervalOfPointsInTime
>       DataTypeEventRelatedInterval
>       DataTypeGeneralTimingSpecification
>       DataTypePeriodicIntervalOfTime    (023)

> DataTypeQuantity
>    DataTypePhysicalQuantity
>       DataTypeParametricProbabilityDistributionOfPhysicalQuantities
>    DataTypePointInTime    (024)

> It appears that DataTypePointInTime is intended to refer to a specific point
> in time on the calendar - a specific time location.    (025)

>>>A quantity specifying a point on the axis of natural time. A point in    (026)

> time is most often represented as a calendar expression    (027)

>   An interval of time points (DataTypeIntervalOfPointsInTime) would then
> also be a specific time location.    (028)

> DataTypeGeneralTimingSpecification  is defined as:    (029)

>>>A set of points in time, specifying the timing of events and actions    (030)

> and the cyclical validity-patterns that may exist for certain kinds of
> information, such as phone numbers (evening, daytime), addresses (so
> called "snowbirds," residing in the south during winter and north
> during summer) and office hours.    (031)

> There is a problem with this arrangement:  The instances of the parent class
> (Type) DataTypeIntervalOfPointsInTime are each a single interval of time,
> but the suggested instances of this class (evening, wintertime), are
> conceptually each themselves not single time intervals, rather they are
> classes of time intervals (i.e., all evenings, etc.).  For example, in the
> SUMO ontology, Monday is a subclass of TimeInterval, not an instance.  Thus
> this class (Type) would not fit into a schema where instances are intended
> to be individuals. This schema above can work for its intended purpose if
> users did not attempt to draw logical inferences from the subclass structure
> that is given here, but merely used the terms in a single restricted manner.    (032)

>       If this conceptual classification is intended to at some point map to
> other classifications, however, it will be important to keep  the logical
> meanings consistent for all inherited instances within a subclass structure.
> In this case, there are two possibilities to modify the existing
> arrangement:    (033)

> (1)  the class (Type) DataTypeGeneralTimingSpecification can be left in its
> present position, but the types of recurrent time interval which are
> intended to be used (evening, Winter, Mondays from 9 to 5) should each be
> entered as a subclass (subtype) of that class, rather than as instances.
> Such subtypes will themselves have instances which are specific time
> intervals  (e.g., Monday, Feb. 7, 20005, GMT would be an instance of the
> class Monday), but perhaps more commonly the classes (e.g. Monday) would be
> the individual data elements that are used in medical records or other
> communications.    (034)

> (2) If it is desired that all data elements used in data communications be
> instances of a designated data type, and must not be  subclasses, the class
> of  DataTypeGeneralTimingSpecification should be moved from its present
> position to a higher level in the DataType hierarchy, at the same level as
> DataTypeIntervalOfPointsInTime.  Then each instance of this class , though
> it is also conceptually a class, could be used as a data value while
> conforming both to the general schema, and to a strict logical inheritance
> rule that will enhance interoperability.    (035)

> On the related Type DataTypePeriodicIntervalOfTime, I could not find the
> notes describing its intended meaning, and it is not clear how this differs
> from DataTypeGeneralTimingSpecification.  Perhaps this is intended to
> represent strictly periodic intervals?  or blocks of time, such as one week?
> The definition or a pointer to the definition of this concept would be
> helpful.
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