Dear Akiko Sato and Carl Reed
The following comments are offered on OGC® OWS-6 Outdoor and
Indoor 3D Routing Services Engineering Report, specifically from the building /
inside environment perspective.
Although there is still quite a bit of work ahead in
standard exchanges, Building Information Models (BIM) should be able to extract
basic geometry for indoor routing.
·
Stephen Hagan with GSA has excellent examples using
BIM to quickly calculate every possible route through complex buildings such as
courthouses.
·
Deke Smith with BSA has examples of moving a dot
through a process plant 5'-6" off the floor (to represent a person's head)
to make sure it is possible to walk between all the pipelines, up catwalks and
so forth to ensure each area can be serviced.
·
John Bateman with the University of Bremen
Germany work in human spatial cognition and mobile robot navigation may be relevant
to your project.
Figures 1, 6 and 7 are difficult to read or distinguish
between the outdoor and indoor environments. Color versus black and white or
other simple display technique should be used to clarify.
Figures 2 to 4 should be overlays to more detailed building
documentation (rather than trying to recreate building representations). There
are many inaccuracies - wall thickness is not evident, doors appear solid
rather than a void, vertical circulation is not indicated.
Rather than spending time re-drawing or re-modeling buildings
for indoor routing, perhaps the BIM created for the OGC AECOO
Testbed (Architect, Engineer, Contractor, Owner, Operator) could be able to
be adapted and reused. This model was created to analyze cost and energy
efficiency implications through optimization of the building geometry and products
(smaller windows, better glass, site orientation with weather patterns).
Currently, BIM models do not
have a standardized way to be placed and stay linked to geospatial data (ie building
models only float, as shown in figures 10 and 11).
A common point of reference needs to be defined for any building
to be in the right location and turned the right direction. Civil engineers may
refer to this reference point as a "benchmark". The northwest corner
is an example of a typical point on any building that could be used. In a
conference call between OmniClass development committee and Raj Singh at OGC,
even a round building could have one point on a door frame that could qualify
as a valid point.
Comments on WMS/GetMap parameters
are:
"Building" should change to "Facility"
because building is both a noun and a verb which causes other problems.
"Space" should be added for interior rooms
Equipment and sensor parameters could be useful for locating
activities in a space, floor, or facility.
The CityGML
schema for Building upon which this paper is based could refer to OmniClass
for facility and space class and function types, pre-organized in logical
groups based on construction, occupancy, and other factors important to the
building industry. Year of construction and demolition are likely to reside in
city permit offices. Measured height can be tricky and even contentious, again,
a common point of reference is required for measured height to be accurate.
More information is requested on XML file
BuildingUsageType.xml. The CityGML building schema could easily
link to parallel standards in the architecture and engineering domain if an
appropriate set of attributes can be mapped over. A
great deal of information about WallSurface Type, OpeningProperties etc can be
extracted or referenced from building models. Please confirm this is what is
meant by "...generated this building model
complying with the baseline of CityGML specifications while the most of
non-geometric related information and features are intended to be vacant for
further modifications by other applications."
An LOD5 model will be needed
for the Open Floor Plan project
because fire alarm sensors and fire service equipment need to be included.
If building data can be linked
spatially to other buildings and regions, it is very possible gbXML can be used
to mediate data to and from temperature sensors for longer term energy studies
in addition to applications noted above for public safety, leasing, and finding
your way through a building on a cell phone.
Sincerely
Deborah MacPherson
Deborah MacPherson
Specifications and Research
Cannon Design
1100 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 2900
Arlington, Virginia 22209
Direct Line 703 907 2353
4 Digit Dial 2353
ü Please consider the environment
before printing this email.