

 Now Assume Each Company Has
 Separate Enterprise Semantics, Multiply by the Number of Companies, & Have Them Interoperate and Preserve
 Semantics
 Try
 doing this without Ontologies! You can, but it’s a Nightmare, and it COSTS:
 Now & Later!
 Products
 Metal
 Health
 Electronic
 Chemical
 Distributor
 Manufacturer
 Wholesaler
 Retailer
 EndRun
 TradingPartners
 TransWorld
 iMicro
 3Initial
 Location
 Africa
 Europe
 Spain
 Portugal
 Asia
 Time
 Point
 Interval
 
 UTM
 Geographic
 LatLong
 GPS
 UnitOfMeasure
 Distance
 Mass
 Liquid
 Solid
 
 Air
 Ground
 Truck
 RegionalCarrier
 LocalCarrier
 Sea
 Applications
 TradingHub
 RFI/RFQ
 Sell
 ShippedBy
 ObtainedFrom
 LocatedAt
 GivenBy
 MeasuredBy
 Uses
 Support
 AvailableAt
 Train
 Products
 Metal
 Health
 Electronic
 Chemical
 Distributor
 Manufacturer
 Wholesaler
 Retailer
 EndRun
 TradingPartners
 TransWorld
 iMicro
 3Initial
 Location
 Africa
 Europe
 Spain
 Portugal
 Asia
 Time
 Point
 Interval
 
 UTM
 Geographic
 LatLong
 GPS
 UnitOfMeasure
 Distance
 Mass
 Liquid
 Solid
 
 Air
 Ground
 Truck
 RegionalCarrier
 LocalCarrier
 Sea
 Applications
 TradingHub
 RFI/RFQ
 Sell
 ShippedBy
 ObtainedFrom
 LocatedAt
 GivenBy
 MeasuredBy
 Uses
 Support
 AvailableAt
 Train
 
 Products
 Metal
 Health
 Electronic
 Chemical
 Distributor
 Manufacturer
 Wholesaler
 Retailer
 EndRun
 TradingPartners
 TransWorld
 iMicro
 3Initial
 Location
 Africa
 Europe
 Spain
 Portugal
 Asia
 Time
 Point
 Interval
 
 UTM
 Geographic
 LatLong
 GPS
 UnitOfMeasure
 Distance
 Mass
 Liquid
 Solid
 
 Air
 Ground
 Truck
 RegionalCarrier
 LocalCarrier
 Sea
 Applications
 TradingHub
 RFI/RFQ
 Sell
 ShippedBy
 ObtainedFrom
 LocatedAt
 GivenBy
 MeasuredBy
 Uses
 Support
 AvailableAt
 Train
 Products
 Metal
 Health
 Electronic
 Chemical
 Distributor
 Manufacturer
 Wholesaler
 Retailer
 EndRun
 TradingPartners
 TransWorld
 iMicro
 3Initial
 Location
 Africa
 Europe
 Spain
 Portugal
 Asia
 Time
 Point
 Interval
 
 UTM
 Geographic
 LatLong
 GPS
 UnitOfMeasure
 Distance
 Mass
 Liquid
 Solid
 
 Air
 Ground
 Truck
 RegionalCarrier
 LocalCarrier
 Sea
 Applications
 TradingHub
 RFI/RFQ
 Sell
 ShippedBy
 ObtainedFrom
 LocatedAt
 GivenBy
 MeasuredBy
 Uses
 Support
 AvailableAt
 Train