soul / 02-Apr-02
[ Semantics, Ontologies & UBL ]
Slide 14 of 29
Ontology Spectrum
Logical Domain Theory
Animal
Mammal
Reptile
Bird
Dog
Snake
Cat
Cocker Spaniel
Entities:
Metal working machinery, equipment and
supplies, metal-cutting machinery,
metal-turning equipment,
metal-milling equipment, milling insert, turning insert, etc.
Relations: subclass-of; instance-of; part-of; has-geometry; performs, used-on;etc.
Properties: geometry;
material; length; operation; UN/SPSC-code; ISO-code; etc.
Values: 1; 2;
3; “2.5 inches”; “85-degree-diamond”; “231716”; “boring”; “drilling”; etc.
Axioms/Rules: If milling-insert(X) & operation(Y) & material(Z)=HG_Steel & performs(X,
Y, Z), then has-geometry(X,
85-degree-diamond).
Lee
Management
Technical
Program
Personnel
Staff
Assistant
Director
Director
DARPA
Navy
Intelligence
Etc.
Ali
Ralph
Mary
Brad
A6
A5
A4
Paul
Jim
Technologies
Telecommunications
Agent
Knowledge
Representation
Natural
Language
Program
Project
Task
Semantic
Interoperability
Company
Division
Department
IISys
requires
knows
has_expertise_in
works
has
Machine
Interpretable Vocabulary and Types:
Entities,
Relations, Properties, Values, Constraints,
Rules,
Axioms
Minimal Hierarchic
Structure
Syntax/Format &
Well-defined NL Definition: Terms
Syntax/Format,
Structure, Semantics: Terms + Meaning
Mathematically Rigorous, Rich &
Consistent Formal Syntax,
Structure, Semantics: Terms +
Machine-Interpretable Meaning
Thesaurus
Conceptual Model
Lady
Has
Narrower Meaning Than
Is Sub-Classification of
Is
Subclass of
Is Disjoint Subclass
of with
transitivity property
Schema
Object
Model
Communities: AI/KR/NL, DB, Library/Info. Science,
OO
AI/KR/NL
DB
Li/IS
OO
UML
DL
ML
FOL
R
ER
EER
Taxonomy/ Classification System
Terms:
Metal working machinery, equipment and
supplies, metal-cutting machinery,
metal-turning equipment,
metal-milling equipment, milling insert,
turning
insert, etc.
Relations: use,
used-for, broader-term, narrower-term, related-term
Logical Concepts
Controlled Vocabulary
