Difference (from revision 2 to 3)

Changed: 1,2c1

Ontology development requires a number of skills and remains a mixture of practice and science. A number of methodologies have been constructed to help us develop an ontology. One common practice is to construct motivating scenarios or use cases which frame the work and clearly identify the ontology purpose and its intended use, that is, the competence of the ontology. A scenario or use case helps to organize requirement ideas which will be specified in the ontology. In Gruninger's TOVE methodology, for example, scenarios are used to construct "competency question and answering facts that can be expressed by the ontology. These help focus on a necessary ontological vocabulary. Axioms in the ontology should be able to characterize answers to the competency questions. The
questions play the role of constraints and are used to evaluate the resulting ontology. See M. Grüninger and M.S. Fox, “Methodology for the Design and Evaluation of Ontologies”, Technical Report, University of Toronto, April 1995. {nid 2JDP}
Ontology development requires a number of skills and remains a mixture of practice and science. A number of methodologies have been constructed to help us develop an ontology. Some leverage good practice from earlier work on object-oriented analysis. {nid 2JJB}

Added: 3a3,7

One common practice is to construct motivating scenarios or use cases which frame the work and clearly identify the ontology purpose and its intended use, that is, the competence of the ontology. A scenario or use case helps to organize requirement ideas which will be specified in the ontology.
In Gruninger's TOVE methodology, for example, scenarios are used to construct "competency question and answering facts that can be expressed by the ontology. These help focus on a necessary ontological vocabulary. Axioms in the ontology should be able to characterize answers to the competency questions. The questions play the role of constraints and are used to evaluate the resulting ontology. {nid 2JJC}

See M. Grüninger and M.S. Fox, “Methodology for the Design and Evaluation of Ontologies”, Technical Report, University of Toronto, April 1995. {nid 2JDP}

Changed: 8,11c12

1. Scope definition
(a) Concepts collection by brain storming
(b) Clustering of the concepts collected
(c) Refinement of the concept set by investigating what concepts are basic, what proportion is appropriate between numbers of generic and specific concepts, etc. {nid 2JDS}
1. Scope definition {nid 2JJD}

Changed: 13,15c14,16

(2) Determination of word name
For each concept, select a natural word which has only one meaning. If there is no appropriate
word for representing a concept, then create a new one. {nid 2JDT}
(a) Concepts collection by discussion, leveraging previous work and brain storming
(b) Clustering of the concepts collected into groups that seem related
(c) Refinement of the concept set by investigating what concepts are basic vs. derived, what proportion is appropriate between numbers of generic and specific concepts, etc. {nid 2JDS}

Added: 16a18,19

(2) Determination of word name. For each concept, select a natural word which has only one meaning. If there is no appropriate word for representing a concept, then create a new one. {nid 2JDT}

Changed: 20c23,34

After a conceptual form ontology is developed it is then translated into a formal language and is usually semantically tightened in the process (by adding axioms etc.) {nid 2JDV}
After a conceptual form ontology is developed it is then translated into a formal language and is usually semantically tightened in the process. One way to do this is by adding axioms. This many geographic terms ( “river” and stream or “lake” and "pond") are vague concepts with no clear boundaries. Constraints are added to particular concepts as axioms to distinguish them. {nid 2JJE}

For example BENNETT et al (An Ontology for Grounding Vague Geographic Terms) use a threshold value (V) to specify a point in the hydrographic geography domain to distinguish ponds from lakes: {nid 2JJF}

V = [pond_vs_lake_area_threshold = 200m2]
See http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/qsr/pub/Bennett08fois.pdf {nid 2JJG}

John Sowa, for example distinguishes formal ontologies from informal ones by the way in which the subtypes are distinguished from their supertypes. Axioms play a key role here. In Sowa's view axiomatized ontology are ones where subtypes by axioms and definitions stated in a formal language, such as first-order logic or some computational notation that can be translated to logic {nid 2JJH}

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{nid 2JDV}
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